Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy + histology > Heart anatomy > Flashcards

Heart anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

2 circulatory systems

A

systemic - around body

pulmonary - to lungs and back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 forms of the heart

A

systolic - contracted

diastolic - relaxed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 layers of the heart

A

Epicardium, myocardium + endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

features of epicardium

A

serous (moisture exuding) layer that protects heart

lubricates pericardial cavity between 2 pericardial layers with pericardial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

myocardium

A

muscular layer of heart, thickness varies around heart - thicker around left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

endocardium

A

epithelial layer surrounding the heart. consistent with blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function of circulatory system

A
  • distribution of gases + nutrients
  • Chemical signalling
  • Thermoregulation
  • Inflammation + immure response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 component systems

A
  • heart
  • venous
  • arterial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 circulatory systems

A
  • pulmonary

- systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 valves in order from vena cava to aorta

A

tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 layers to blood vessels + 2 elastic fibre layers

A
  • tunica intima
  • internal elastic fibre
  • tunica media
  • external elastic fibre
  • tunica adventitia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Features of tunica intima

A

endothelium (type of epithelium) consistent with endocardium of the heart

  • basal lamina
  • thin layer of connective tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Features of tunica media

A

elastic fibres and smooth muscle layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Features of tunica adventitia

A

connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Features of arteries

A

Thicker tunica media - cope with pressure

  • located deep in body
  • elastic walls expand under pressure, constrict when not to keep blood flow continuous
  • elastic fibres replace smooth muscle layers
  • vasa vasorum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sympathetic tone

A

standard lumen size adopted due to tonic (continuous) sympathetic innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

increased/decreased sympathetic tone

A

increased- vasoconstriction

decreased- vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

define Anastomosis

A

when 2 arteries come together without going through capillary network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

features of anastomosis

A
  • alternative route for blood flow (collateral)

- severed anastomosis bleed from both directions

20
Q

Features of End artery

A

-only artery to supply a particular region
- occlusion (blockage) leads to infarction
(irreversible death by hypoxia)

21
Q

4 parts of the aorta

A
  • ascending aorta
  • arch of aorta
  • thoracic aorta
  • abdominal aorta
22
Q

define bifurcation + trifurcation

A

artery splits into 2 - 3

23
Q

branches of ascending aorta

A

right/left coronary arteries

24
Q

branches of arch of aorta

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • left common carotid artery
  • left subclavian artery
25
Q

thoracic aorta to abdominal aorta

A

become abdominal when it passes the diaphgram

26
Q

contents of neurovascular bundles

A

arteries, veins + neurones

27
Q

Features of veins

A
  • thin walls, collapse when empty

- valves to prevent backflow of blood

28
Q

3 mechanisms of venous circulation back to heart

A
  • venous valves
  • skeletal muscle pumps
  • accompanying veins
29
Q

venous valves

A
  • valves prevent backflow of blood, ensures unidirectional flow
30
Q

skeletal muscular pumps

A
  • muscles contract squeezing blood towards heart
31
Q

accompanying veins

A
  • veins surround arteries and use the pulsation of arteries to push blood through
32
Q

2 types of veins

A
  • superficial and deep
33
Q

2 venous systems

A
  • hepatic portal

- systemic

34
Q

Features of lymphatic circulation

A
  • drains tissue fluid (becomes lymph)
  • drains to nodes
  • wbc conduct surveillance
  • returned to systemic system at root of the neck
35
Q

generation of a heart beat

A

sa node
av node
bundle of his
purkinji fibres

36
Q

hearts ability to beat uninnervated

A

autorhythmicity

37
Q

elastic recoil

A
  • elastic fibres recoiling during diastole to keep B.P relatively constant
38
Q

vasa vasorum

A
  • blood supply to tunica media and adventitia as they don’t receive nutrients from lumen of artery
39
Q

features of arterioles

A
  • reduce in size

- tunica media has only 1/2 layers of smooth muscle left

40
Q

features of capillaries

A
  • endothelial cells + basal lamina
41
Q

3 types of capillary

A
  • continuous
  • fenestrated
  • discontinuous
42
Q

continuous capillaries

A
  • endothelial layer continuous around entire lumen of capillary
  • muscle, nerve, lung + skin
43
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A
  • small pores in endothelium to allow exchange of materials

- glands, kidney + mucosa gut

44
Q

discontinuous capillaries / sinusoidal

A
  • large gaps in endothelium

- liver, spleen + bone marrow

45
Q

arteriole to venule ( intermediate vessels)

A

arteriole - metarteriole - capillary - post capillary venule/ thoroughfare channels - venule

46
Q

features of large veins

A
  • thick tunica adventitia with longitudinal smooth muscle

Anatomy + histology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions