Anatomy of the pelvis

Question 1

name for male + female reproductive glands

Answer 1

gonads

Question 2

feature of pelvic cavity

Answer 2

• lies within the bony pelvis

- continuous with the abdominal cavity

Question 3

pelvic inlet make up

Answer 3

made up of Illium, sacrum + pubic bone

Question 4

Pelvic outlet anatomical construct

Answer 4

pelvic floor

Question 5

features of pelvic floor

Answer 5

• layer of skeletal muscle

- separates pelvic cavity and perineum

Question 6

3 opening in pelvic floor

Answer 6

• distal alimentary canal (rectum)
• renal tract (ureter)
• females - the vagina
• males - inguinal canal

Question 7

Abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 7

• space in body where pelvic + abdominal cavity are situated

Question 8

Parietal peritoneum

Answer 8

visceral layer lining the abdominal cavity

- continuous with the visceral peritoneum

Question 9

visceral peritoneum

Answer 9

visceral layer surrounding organs within the abdominal cavity
- continuous with the parietal peritoneum

Question 10

peritoneal cavity

Answer 10

• space between visceral and parietal peritoneum in abdominal cavity
• contains small volume of lubricating fluid

Question 11

Pelvic roof constituents

Answer 11

• made up of parietal peritoneum that drapes over pelvic organs
• forms 2 pouches in females and 1 pouch in males

Question 12

2 pouches in females caused by pelvic roof

Answer 12

anterior = vesicouterine pouch
posterior = rectouterine pouch

Question 13

features of vesicouterine pouch

Answer 13

• formed by parietal peritoneum draping over bladder and uterus
• excess fluid from haemorrhaging/ infection can collect here

Question 14

pouch formed in males due to pelvic roof

Answer 14

• rectovesical pouch forms between the rectum and the bladder

Question 15

3 parts of uterine tubes (from lateral to medial)

Answer 15

• infundibulum
• ampulla
• isthmus

Question 16

finger like projections from the infundibulum

Answer 16

• fimbriae

Question 17

function of fimbriae

Answer 17

• collect ova from peritoneal cavity (after being released by the ovary) and sweep towards infundibulum

Question 18

3 layers of the uterus wall (superficial to deep)

Answer 18

• perimetrium
• myometrium
• endometrium

Question 19

features of 3 layers of uterus

Answer 19

• perimetrium (outer layer of thin connective tissue)
• myometrium (layer of muscle + elastic fibres - cramps during menstruation occur due to contractions of myometrium
• endometrium (inner epithelial layer, shedding of the mucosa of endometrium = period blood)

Question 20

Pathway of ova from release to menstruation/fertilisation

Answer 20

1) ova released from ovaries into peritoneal cavity
2) fimbriae sweep ovum into infundibulum
3) ovum moved from infundibulum to ampulla to isthmus by cilia
4) fertilisation - fertilisation usually take place in ampulla then zygote implanted into the posterior uterus wall
menstruation - ovum not fertilised and egg released by contractions of the myometrium

Question 21

ectopic pregnancy definition

Answer 21

• ovum implants elsewhere in the body other than the uterus - cases of survival in peritoneal cavity - if implants in uterine tubes haemorrhaging likely

Question 22

female sterilisation

Answer 22

• tubual ligation, both uterine tubes cut and sealed

Question 23

Anatomical position of the penis

Answer 23

• erect

Question 24

anatomical names for foreskin and japseye

Answer 24

• foreskin = prepuce

- japseye = urethra meatus

Question 25

process of development of testes

Answer 25

• develop on posterior wall of abdominal cavity
• descend during development
• through inguinal canal so by birth in scrotum

Question 26

production of sperm to prostate

Answer 26

• sperm produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes ( then 74 day maturation period)
• through the rete testes (spider web like structure)
• head of the epididymis
• tail of the epididymis
• vas deferens (part of spermatic chord)
• to prostate

Question 27

smooth muscle around testes

Answer 27

• dartos muscle

used in temperature regulation of the testes

Question 28

optimum temperature of seminiferous tubules

Answer 28

• 36 degrees - so kept out with core body, dartos muscle used to regulate temperature

Question 29

constituents of spermatic chord

Answer 29

• vas deferens
• testicular artery
• pampiniform plexus of veins

Question 30

vas deferens to ejaculation

Answer 30

• left + right vas deferens pass left/right seminal glands
• add seminal fluid, decrease viscosity of sperm
• pass through prostate
• into ureter
• out via ureter meatus

Question 31

coronal section of the penis

Answer 31

• 3 cylinders, during an erection each cylinder fills with blood