Heart anatomy Flashcards
What is the outermost layer of the pericardium?
Fibrous pericardium
What is the fibrous pericardium and what does it do?
thick connective tissue
protects heart and maintains its position
what is the second layer of the pericardium (encloses heart) ?
serous pericardium
what is the serous pericardium and what does it do?
layer 1 - Parietal fused to fibrous pericardium
layer 2 - Visceral fused to heart
helps lubricate the heart
What is the surface of the atria like?
Thin walled - allows for increased atrial capacity
What is the Sulci?
the surface of the heart that contains major coronary blood vessels
What are the 3 layers of the heart in order?
Epicardium (superficial)
Myocardium (middle) - very thick
Endocardium (deepest)
What are the 3 types of septum in the heart?
interatrial
atrioventricular
interventricular
What is the right atrioventricular valve called?
tricuspid
What is the left atrioventricular valve called?
bicuspid/mitral
How many papillary muscle does each ventricle have?
right - 3
left - 2
where do coronary veins drain too?
the right atrium
What is ECG P wave?
depolarisation of atria (systole)
What is ECG QRS complex?
ventricular depolarisation
What is ECG T wave?
ventricles repolarise
Blood pressure normal values
Systolic - 120
Diastolic - 80
What cardiothoracic ratio signals an enlarged heart?
> 0.50
How is coronary artery disease treated?
balloon stent angioplasty
coronary artery bypass graft
what is AV/heart block
delayed transmission of electrical impulses due to conduction impairment
How is heart block treated?
pacemakers
What is valvular stenosis?
valves not opening properly limiting blood pumping
What is patent foramen ovale?
a small hole in the interatrial septum that should close at birth
How is cardiac muscle different from other types?
they are relatively small, single central nucleus, typically branched
What does a reduction in contractility cause?
SV & CO and overall efficiency of the cardiac tissue
How is ejection fraction calculated?
Stroke Volume / End-Diastolic Volume
55-75% normal
what does high and low electrical frequency signal?
high (>75) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
low (<40) potential heart failure
What do cardiac muscle fibre orientation and strain amplitude dictate?
the power output of the heart
What are the symptoms of an aging heart?
LV thickening, cardiomyocyte loss, decrease O2 consumption, decrease max HR,
