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Y2 Anatomical Science > Heart anatomy > Flashcards

Heart anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the outermost layer of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous pericardium

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2
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium and what does it do?

A

thick connective tissue

protects heart and maintains its position

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3
Q

what is the second layer of the pericardium (encloses heart) ?

A

serous pericardium

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4
Q

what is the serous pericardium and what does it do?

A

layer 1 - Parietal fused to fibrous pericardium

layer 2 - Visceral fused to heart

helps lubricate the heart

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5
Q

What is the surface of the atria like?

A

Thin walled - allows for increased atrial capacity

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6
Q

What is the Sulci?

A

the surface of the heart that contains major coronary blood vessels

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7
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart in order?

A

Epicardium (superficial)
Myocardium (middle) - very thick
Endocardium (deepest)

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of septum in the heart?

A

interatrial

atrioventricular

interventricular

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9
Q

What is the right atrioventricular valve called?

A

tricuspid

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10
Q

What is the left atrioventricular valve called?

A

bicuspid/mitral

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11
Q

How many papillary muscle does each ventricle have?

A

right - 3

left - 2

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12
Q

where do coronary veins drain too?

A

the right atrium

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13
Q

What is ECG P wave?

A

depolarisation of atria (systole)

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14
Q

What is ECG QRS complex?

A

ventricular depolarisation

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15
Q

What is ECG T wave?

A

ventricles repolarise

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16
Q

Blood pressure normal values

A

Systolic - 120

Diastolic - 80

17
Q

What cardiothoracic ratio signals an enlarged heart?

A

> 0.50

18
Q

How is coronary artery disease treated?

A

balloon stent angioplasty

coronary artery bypass graft

19
Q

what is AV/heart block

A

delayed transmission of electrical impulses due to conduction impairment

20
Q

How is heart block treated?

A

pacemakers

21
Q

What is valvular stenosis?

A

valves not opening properly limiting blood pumping

22
Q

What is patent foramen ovale?

A

a small hole in the interatrial septum that should close at birth

23
Q

How is cardiac muscle different from other types?

A

they are relatively small, single central nucleus, typically branched

24
Q

What does a reduction in contractility cause?

A

SV & CO and overall efficiency of the cardiac tissue

25
Q

How is ejection fraction calculated?

A

Stroke Volume / End-Diastolic Volume

55-75% normal

26
Q

what does high and low electrical frequency signal?

A

high (>75) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

low (<40) potential heart failure

27
Q

What do cardiac muscle fibre orientation and strain amplitude dictate?

A

the power output of the heart

28
Q

What are the symptoms of an aging heart?

A

LV thickening, cardiomyocyte loss, decrease O2 consumption, decrease max HR,

Y2 Anatomical Science (10 decks)

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