Eye anatomy

Question 1

What are the 3 movements of the eye

Answer 1

Elevation/depression

abduction/adduction

intorsion/extorsion

Question 2

What direction does the eye look when the Superior rectus contracts?

Answer 2

laterally and upward

Question 3

What direction does the eye look when the Inferior rectus contracts?

Answer 3

Laterally and downward

Question 4

What direction does the eye look when the lateral rectus contracts?

Answer 4

Laterally

Question 5

What direction does the eye look when the Medial rectus contracts?

Answer 5

Medially

Question 6

What direction does the eye look when the Inferior oblique contracts?

Answer 6

Medially and upwards

Question 7

What direction does the eye look when the Superior oblique contracts?

Answer 7

Medially and downward

Question 8

What muscles does the abducent nerve control

Answer 8

Lateral rectus

Question 9

What muscles does the trochlear nerve control

Answer 9

Superior oblique

Question 10

What muscles does the oculomotor nerve control

Answer 10

Medial rectus
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique

Question 11

What are the 3 layers of the eyeball?

Answer 11

Fibrous, Vascular, inner

Question 12

What makes up the fibrous layer?

Answer 12

Sclera + Cornea

Question 13

What does the fibrous layer do and look like

Answer 13

White in colour

Maintains eye shape

Has a defect called the lamina cribrosa which allows for entry of optic nerve

Question 14

What does scleral buckle do?

Answer 14

secure the scleral to the internal eye if it is loose

Question 15

What causes yellow eyes (sclera) and what is it any early sign of

Answer 15

Build up of bilirubin

liver failure

Question 16

What is the conjunctiva?

Answer 16

a tissue lining the inside of eyelids & covering sclera

highly vascular

if inflamed vessels dilate and become visible

Question 17

What does the Cornea do?

Answer 17

allow lights to passthrough & accounts for 60% of optical refractive power

Question 18

What does the Keratoconus condition cause and what does it look like

Answer 18

Thicker cornea

causes double vision

Question 19

What is Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy

Answer 19

an inherited condition that causes vision blurring

prevents dehydration of cornea causing blurring

Question 20

What makes up the vascular layer?

Answer 20

Choroid, ciliary body & iris

Question 21

what does the ciliary body do?

Answer 21

acts as suspensory ligaments for the lens

Question 22

what happens in cataract surgery?

Answer 22

inside of lens is essentially scooped out, refocus the refraction of light

Question 23

What does the iris muscle do?

Answer 23

dilate constrict the pupil

Question 24

What is Horners syndrome?

Answer 24

permanently constricted pupil (Miosis)

caused by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurone damage

Question 25

what drugs are used dilating pupils and why are they used?

Answer 25

mydriatic medications - tropicamide & atropine

gives doctor better view of optic nerve

Question 26

What is the macula?

Answer 26

small spot in inner eye responsible for fine detail of vision

Question 27

what is found in the inner eye?

Answer 27

Macula

optic disk

Question 28

what are the 2 eyeball fluids?

Answer 28

Aqueous humour

Vitreous humour

Question 29

where is aqueous fluid found

Answer 29

area between lens and iris

Question 30

what is vitreous fluid

Answer 30

jelly like substance connects retina to posterior wall of eye and absorbs shocks

Question 31

What does build up of aqueous fluid cause?

Answer 31

glaucoma (increased interocular pressure)

Question 32

How is glaucoma treated?

Answer 32

drugs improving drainage flow

decreasing aqueous humour production

vasoconstriction of ciliary body arteries

glaucoma drainage implants