Heart anatomy Flashcards
First heart sound
cause by mitral valve(bicuspid) and tricuspid valve closing(close valve, the blood touch valve cause sound “lup”)(AV valves- atrioventricular valves)
second heart sound
cause by aortic and pulmonary valve(semi lunar valves)
Systole
heart contract, blood eject from ventricle
Diastole
heart relax, blood filling in ventricle
Pathway of oxygenated blood
blood from lung to pulmonary vein to left atrium to left ventricle via mitral valve, then to aorta via aortic valve
pressure in left atrium
8 mmHg
pressure in left ventricle
120 mmHg
Pathway of deoxygenated blood
blood from superior vena cava to right atrium, then to right ventricle via tricuspid valve, then to the pulmonary trunk via pulmonary valve to the lung
pressure in right atrium
5 mmHg
pressure in right ventricle
27 mmHg
pressure in aorta
120 mmHg
pressure in pulmonary trunk
27 mmHg
what type wall of pulmonary trunk
elastic
type wall of aorta
elastic artery
Where coronary artery locate
between aorta and aortic valve
Wall thickness ratio
L : R=3 : 1
pressure ratio
L : R=5 : 1
moderator band
part of heart’s conduction system
Fossa ovalis fetal version is?
Foramen ovale
Ligamentum arteriosum fetal version is?
Ductus arteriosus
Foramen ovale adult version is?
Fossa ovalis
Ductus arteriosus adult version is?
Ligamentum arteriosum
Function of chordae tendineae
prevent eversion during systole, avoid blood back
Function of papillary muscle
put chordae tendineae by contract during systole
feature of auricle
trabeculated
Why mitral and aortic valve has completely fibrous skeleton rings
Keep stable during contract(systole)
prevent opening stretch while ventricle contract(peak pressure)
The type of blood go to coronary artery is
oxygenated blood
heart pathology about infarction process is
Ischemia → angina → infarction
capillary function
transport nutrient and other exchange, leaky to let plasma escape, lost plasma immediately recovered due osmotic gradient
capillary structure
tiny, thin, flow is slow, only allow one RBC, no smooth muscle, no connective tissue
venule function
drain capillary beds, WBC can through Venule to kill virus during infection and inflammation
venule structure
small, endothelium, small connective tissue, single layer of smooth muscle
Elastic artery example
Pulmonary trunk, aorta, pulmonary artery
Elastic artery made of
sheet of elastin
Muscular artery function
flow control
feature of Muscular artery
flow is proportional to the fourth power of radius, middle part is smooth muscle can cause vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Function of arteriole
location where greatest pressure drop occurs, total peripheral resistance, mean arterial blood pressure
SA nodes can
depolarize and repolarize by self
SA nodes locate in
between superior vena cava and right atrium
SA node(sinoatrial) influence by
sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve system, hormone such as epinephrine and acetylcholine
heart bumping even put out of the body
SA still firing, if run out of oxygen, then stop bumping
speed of between SA node and atrial muscle
0.5 m/s
interatrial septum locate
between left and right atrium
interventricular septum locate
between left and right ventricle
junction between interatrial septum and interventricular septum
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular node(AV node) can
depolarize and repolarize by self
speed of AV node
0.05 m/s (slow rate firing, usually 50 times / minute)
AV bundle
pass hole of fibrous skeleton
Pathway of heart conduction system
SA node → interatrial septum → AV node → AV bundle via holes of fibrous skeleton → two branches of AV bundle(right and left bundle branches) → Purkinje fibre
Result of SA node → atrial muscle conduction
atrial contraction, 0.5 m/s slow
Result of atrioventricular node conduction
100ms delay, 0.05 m/s very slow
Purkinje fibres in atrium true or false
true
why 100ms delay in AV node?
Because give atrium chance to fill rest 20% blood to the ventricle, also if atrium contract with ventricle together, then there is no point atrium need to contract. Because as ventricle contract, inlet valve will closing, atrium won’t have any function in this stage. Therefore 100ms delay is necessary
Result of AV bundle → purkinje fibre
Fast, 5 m/s, systole, complete ventricular contraction
