Heart anatomy

Question 1

First heart sound

Answer 1

cause by mitral valve(bicuspid) and tricuspid valve closing(close valve, the blood touch valve cause sound “lup”)(AV valves- atrioventricular valves)

Question 2

second heart sound

Answer 2

cause by aortic and pulmonary valve(semi lunar valves)

Question 3

Systole

Answer 3

heart contract, blood eject from ventricle

Question 4

Diastole

Answer 4

heart relax, blood filling in ventricle

Question 5

Pathway of oxygenated blood

Answer 5

blood from lung to pulmonary vein to left atrium to left ventricle via mitral valve, then to aorta via aortic valve

Question 6

pressure in left atrium

Answer 6

8 mmHg

Question 7

pressure in left ventricle

Answer 7

120 mmHg

Question 8

Pathway of deoxygenated blood

Answer 8

blood from superior vena cava to right atrium, then to right ventricle via tricuspid valve, then to the pulmonary trunk via pulmonary valve to the lung

Question 9

pressure in right atrium

Answer 9

5 mmHg

Question 10

pressure in right ventricle

Answer 10

27 mmHg

Question 11

pressure in aorta

Answer 11

120 mmHg

Question 12

pressure in pulmonary trunk

Answer 12

27 mmHg

Question 13

what type wall of pulmonary trunk

Answer 13

elastic

Question 14

type wall of aorta

Answer 14

elastic artery

Question 15

Where coronary artery locate

Answer 15

between aorta and aortic valve

Question 16

Wall thickness ratio

Answer 16

L : R=3 : 1

Question 17

pressure ratio

Answer 17

L : R=5 : 1

Question 18

moderator band

Answer 18

part of heart’s conduction system

Question 19

Fossa ovalis fetal version is?

Answer 19

Foramen ovale

Question 20

Ligamentum arteriosum fetal version is?

Answer 20

Ductus arteriosus

Question 21

Foramen ovale adult version is?

Answer 21

Fossa ovalis

Question 22

Ductus arteriosus adult version is?

Answer 22

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 23

Function of chordae tendineae

Answer 23

prevent eversion during systole, avoid blood back

Question 24

Function of papillary muscle

Answer 24

put chordae tendineae by contract during systole

Question 25

feature of auricle

Answer 25

trabeculated

Question 26

Why mitral and aortic valve has completely fibrous skeleton rings

Answer 26

Keep stable during contract(systole) prevent opening stretch while ventricle contract(peak pressure)

Question 27

The type of blood go to coronary artery is

Answer 27

oxygenated blood

Question 28

heart pathology about infarction process is

Answer 28

Ischemia → angina → infarction

Question 29

capillary function

Answer 29

transport nutrient and other exchange, leaky to let plasma escape, lost plasma immediately recovered due osmotic gradient

Question 30

capillary structure

Answer 30

tiny, thin, flow is slow, only allow one RBC, no smooth muscle, no connective tissue

Question 31

venule function

Answer 31

drain capillary beds, WBC can through Venule to kill virus during infection and inflammation

Question 32

venule structure

Answer 32

small, endothelium, small connective tissue, single layer of smooth muscle

Question 33

Elastic artery example

Answer 33

Pulmonary trunk, aorta, pulmonary artery

Question 34

Elastic artery made of

Answer 34

sheet of elastin

Question 35

Muscular artery function

Answer 35

flow control

Question 36

feature of Muscular artery

Answer 36

flow is proportional to the fourth power of radius, middle part is smooth muscle can cause vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 37

Function of arteriole

Answer 37

location where greatest pressure drop occurs, total peripheral resistance, mean arterial blood pressure

Question 38

SA nodes can

Answer 38

depolarize and repolarize by self

Question 39

SA nodes locate in

Answer 39

between superior vena cava and right atrium

Question 40

SA node(sinoatrial) influence by

Answer 40

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve system, hormone such as epinephrine and acetylcholine

Question 41

heart bumping even put out of the body

Answer 41

SA still firing, if run out of oxygen, then stop bumping

Question 42

speed of between SA node and atrial muscle

Answer 42

0.5 m/s

Question 43

interatrial septum locate

Answer 43

between left and right atrium

Question 44

interventricular septum locate

Answer 44

between left and right ventricle

Question 45

junction between interatrial septum and interventricular septum

Answer 45

Atrioventricular node

Question 46

Atrioventricular node(AV node) can

Answer 46

depolarize and repolarize by self

Question 47

speed of AV node

Answer 47

0.05 m/s (slow rate firing, usually 50 times / minute)

Question 48

AV bundle

Answer 48

pass hole of fibrous skeleton

Question 49

Pathway of heart conduction system

Answer 49

SA node → interatrial septum → AV node → AV bundle via holes of fibrous skeleton → two branches of AV bundle(right and left bundle branches) → Purkinje fibre

Question 50

Result of SA node → atrial muscle conduction

Answer 50

atrial contraction, 0.5 m/s slow

Question 51

Result of atrioventricular node conduction

Answer 51

100ms delay, 0.05 m/s very slow

Question 52

Purkinje fibres in atrium true or false

Answer 52

true

Question 53

why 100ms delay in AV node?

Answer 53

Because give atrium chance to fill rest 20% blood to the ventricle, also if atrium contract with ventricle together, then there is no point atrium need to contract. Because as ventricle contract, inlet valve will closing, atrium won't have any function in this stage. Therefore 100ms delay is necessary

Question 54

Result of AV bundle → purkinje fibre

Answer 54

Fast, 5 m/s, systole, complete ventricular contraction