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MEdsci exam preparation > Heart anatomy > Flashcards

Heart anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

First heart sound

A

cause by mitral valve(bicuspid) and tricuspid valve closing(close valve, the blood touch valve cause sound “lup”)(AV valves- atrioventricular valves)

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2
Q

second heart sound

A

cause by aortic and pulmonary valve(semi lunar valves)

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3
Q

Systole

A

heart contract, blood eject from ventricle

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4
Q

Diastole

A

heart relax, blood filling in ventricle

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5
Q

Pathway of oxygenated blood

A

blood from lung to pulmonary vein to left atrium to left ventricle via mitral valve, then to aorta via aortic valve

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6
Q

pressure in left atrium

A

8 mmHg

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7
Q

pressure in left ventricle

A

120 mmHg

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8
Q

Pathway of deoxygenated blood

A

blood from superior vena cava to right atrium, then to right ventricle via tricuspid valve, then to the pulmonary trunk via pulmonary valve to the lung

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9
Q

pressure in right atrium

A

5 mmHg

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10
Q

pressure in right ventricle

A

27 mmHg

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11
Q

pressure in aorta

A

120 mmHg

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12
Q

pressure in pulmonary trunk

A

27 mmHg

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13
Q

what type wall of pulmonary trunk

A

elastic

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14
Q

type wall of aorta

A

elastic artery

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15
Q

Where coronary artery locate

A

between aorta and aortic valve

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16
Q

Wall thickness ratio

A

L : R=3 : 1

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17
Q

pressure ratio

A

L : R=5 : 1

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18
Q

moderator band

A

part of heart’s conduction system

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19
Q

Fossa ovalis fetal version is?

A

Foramen ovale

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20
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum fetal version is?

A

Ductus arteriosus

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21
Q

Foramen ovale adult version is?

A

Fossa ovalis

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22
Q

Ductus arteriosus adult version is?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

23
Q

Function of chordae tendineae

A

prevent eversion during systole, avoid blood back

24
Q

Function of papillary muscle

A

put chordae tendineae by contract during systole

25
Q

feature of auricle

A

trabeculated

26
Q

Why mitral and aortic valve has completely fibrous skeleton rings

A

Keep stable during contract(systole)

prevent opening stretch while ventricle contract(peak pressure)

27
Q

The type of blood go to coronary artery is

A

oxygenated blood

28
Q

heart pathology about infarction process is

A

Ischemia → angina → infarction

29
Q

capillary function

A

transport nutrient and other exchange, leaky to let plasma escape, lost plasma immediately recovered due osmotic gradient

30
Q

capillary structure

A

tiny, thin, flow is slow, only allow one RBC, no smooth muscle, no connective tissue

31
Q

venule function

A

drain capillary beds, WBC can through Venule to kill virus during infection and inflammation

32
Q

venule structure

A

small, endothelium, small connective tissue, single layer of smooth muscle

33
Q

Elastic artery example

A

Pulmonary trunk, aorta, pulmonary artery

34
Q

Elastic artery made of

A

sheet of elastin

35
Q

Muscular artery function

A

flow control

36
Q

feature of Muscular artery

A

flow is proportional to the fourth power of radius, middle part is smooth muscle can cause vasoconstriction and vasodilation

37
Q

Function of arteriole

A

location where greatest pressure drop occurs, total peripheral resistance, mean arterial blood pressure

38
Q

SA nodes can

A

depolarize and repolarize by self

39
Q

SA nodes locate in

A

between superior vena cava and right atrium

40
Q

SA node(sinoatrial) influence by

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve system, hormone such as epinephrine and acetylcholine

41
Q

heart bumping even put out of the body

A

SA still firing, if run out of oxygen, then stop bumping

42
Q

speed of between SA node and atrial muscle

A

0.5 m/s

43
Q

interatrial septum locate

A

between left and right atrium

44
Q

interventricular septum locate

A

between left and right ventricle

45
Q

junction between interatrial septum and interventricular septum

A

Atrioventricular node

46
Q

Atrioventricular node(AV node) can

A

depolarize and repolarize by self

47
Q

speed of AV node

A

0.05 m/s (slow rate firing, usually 50 times / minute)

48
Q

AV bundle

A

pass hole of fibrous skeleton

49
Q

Pathway of heart conduction system

A

SA node → interatrial septum → AV node → AV bundle via holes of fibrous skeleton → two branches of AV bundle(right and left bundle branches) → Purkinje fibre

50
Q

Result of SA node → atrial muscle conduction

A

atrial contraction, 0.5 m/s slow

51
Q

Result of atrioventricular node conduction

A

100ms delay, 0.05 m/s very slow

52
Q

Purkinje fibres in atrium true or false

A

true

53
Q

why 100ms delay in AV node?

A

Because give atrium chance to fill rest 20% blood to the ventricle, also if atrium contract with ventricle together, then there is no point atrium need to contract. Because as ventricle contract, inlet valve will closing, atrium won’t have any function in this stage. Therefore 100ms delay is necessary

54
Q

Result of AV bundle → purkinje fibre

A

Fast, 5 m/s, systole, complete ventricular contraction

MEdsci exam preparation (7 decks)

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