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Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

location of heart

A

mediastinum

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2
Q

base of heart

A

top

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3
Q

apex of heart

A

base

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4
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

outermost, made up of dense CT

Anchors heart in place, protective

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5
Q

serous pericardium

A

two layers

parietal and visceral

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6
Q

parietal layer

A

belong to cavity

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7
Q

visceral layer

A

belongs to the heart, outer surface

epicardium

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8
Q

pericardial cavity

A

space between the layers filled with fluid

Protective, prevents friction, dissipates heat from pumping

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9
Q

epicardium

A

visceral layer

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10
Q

myocardium

A

cardiac muscle

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11
Q

endocardium

A

lining

squamous ET

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12
Q

Interatrial septums

A

separates the two atria

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13
Q

Interventricular septum

A

separates the two ventricles

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14
Q

Coronary sulcus

A

atria and ventricles

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15
Q

Interventricular groove

A

where ventricles meet

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16
Q

atria

A

contain auricles
pectinate muscles
fossa ovalis

17
Q

auricles

A

ears

Increase surface area so more blood volume can be held

18
Q

Pectinate muscles

A

in atrial walls

19
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

remnant of foramen ovale

20
Q

ventricles

A

trabeculae carneae

papillary muscles

21
Q

Trabeculae carneae

A

muscles in the wall

22
Q

Papillary muscles

A

extend into the chamber

Connect to flaps and strings (cordae tendonae)

23
Q

coronary sinus

A

blood from the myocardium enters right atria

24
Q

pathway of blood flow

A

Right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atria → bicuspid valve → left ventricle→ aortic valve → aorta → systemic arteries → systemic arterioles → systemic capillaries → systemic venules → systemic veins → superior/inferior vena cava → right atrium

25
Q

anastosomes

A

alternate pathways in event of blockage

26
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

prevent backflow into atria
Atrial pressure increases sends blood to ventricles
tricuspid= 3 cusps
bicuspid= 2 cusps

27
Q

Cordae tendineae

A

pap attaches to AV flaps, attach the two

28
Q

Semilunar valves

A

prevent backflow to ventricles
aortic= left
pulmonary= right

29
Q

properties of cardiac muscle

A

Striated
Uninucleated
Sliding filament mechanism of action
Adjacent cells locked by desmosomes and gap junctions
Intercalated disc= communication junction, contract as a unit

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (4 decks)

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