Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

away from heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

elastic arteries

A

from the heart; largest in diameter; not resistant; walls have elastic connective tissue
Dont scrub pressure away
Walls bounce back and push blood forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

muscular arteries

A

more smooth muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

tunica interna

A

superficial layer, lines the lumen and made of simple squamous ET; smooth flat surface
Capillaries only have this!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tunica media

A

middle layer, made of smooth muscle, can contract
SNS uses NE to stimulate vasoconstriction
Can change diameter nervously and chemically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tunica externa

A

outermost layer, CT, lots of collagen; anchors blood vessels in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

vasa vasorum

A

blood vessels in walls of thick walled blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

continuous capillaries

A

most common, almost everywhere
Endothelial junction= liquid transport
Pinocytic vesicles= transport liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

tiny hole, more permeable, greater amount of exchange, but still not big things
ie) kidneys, endocrine organs, intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sinusoidal capillaries

A

big holes so proteins, cells, etc. can pass through

ie) spleen, liver, bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

terminal arteriole

A

deliver blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

metarteriole

A

shortcut on arterial side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

thoroughfare channel

A

short cut on venue side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

post capillary venule

A

receiving end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

vascular shunt

A

total shortcut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

true capillaries

A

paths around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pre capillary sphincters

A

regulatory structure

microcirculation controller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

artery characteristics

A 
Thick walls
Small lumen
Thicker tunica media
Lower blood volume
Higher blood pressure
No valves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

vein characteristics

A 
Thin walls
Large lumen
Thinner tunica media
Higher blood volume
At anytime more blood in veins
Lower blood pressure
Venous valves
Fight gravity
mechanism to get blood back to the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

muscular pump

A

muscle pushes into blood vessels and assists blood movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

respiratory pump

A

veins closest to heart have lowest pressure; pressure differentials in breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

collateral channels

A

alternate pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

blood flow

A

volume of blood flowing through body at any time
Constant but where it goes can change
Directly proportional to difference in BP (greater difference, more blood goes there)
Inversely proportional to peripheral resistance (opp of flow due to friction)

24
Q

peripheral resistence

A

opposition to flow

25
Q

mean arterial pressure

A

diastolic pressure/ (pulse pressure/3)

26
Q

counteracting brief fluctuations

A

change blood flow in capillaries; in response to needs
Increase by opening true capillaries
Alter vessel diameter

27
Q

vasomotor center

A

in medulla sympathetic nerve fibers use NE and cause smooth muscle contraction

28
Q

vasomotor tone

A

cause blood vessels to be partially contracted; allows for more dilation
Neural reflex arcs

29
Q

neural reflex arcs

A

Baroreceptors detect change in pressure as it flows out of heart
Vasomotor center inhibited
Peripheral resistance and pressure reduced

30
Q

chemical reflex arcs

A

Chemoreceptors detect drop in oxygen level or ph or increase in CO2
Cardioacceleratory center stimulated
Increase heart rate
Pump blood faster for more exchange
Vasomotor center stimulated
Vessels constrict
Blood pressure increases

31
Q

ANP

A

Increase in stretch causes ANP increase in urine output, changing blood pressure and volume

32
Q

ADH

A

Posterior pituitary
Affect kidney
Increase blood volume, stimulated by low BP

33
Q

angiotensin 2

A

Cause vasoconstriction
Aldosterone
Low BP → renin → angiotensin II
Increase in BP leads to decrease renin

34
Q

endothelium derived factors

A

chemical produced by blood vessels

35
Q

inflammatory chemicals

A

histamine

decrease BP

36
Q

alcohol

A

Low blood volume and blood pressure
Inhibits ADH and vasomotor center
Cause vasodilation
Cause direct dilation of blood vessels

37
Q

nicotine

A

same effect as NE and E

38
Q

direct renal mechanism

A

increase in blood pressure or blood volume speeds up filtration rate in kidneys
Greater urine

39
Q

indirect renal mechanism

A

renin angiotensin mech.
Decrease in BP causes kidneys to release renin
Renin stimulates angiotensin II production
Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone production
Blood pressure rises

40
Q

tissue perfusion

A 
Matches need
If needs change then blood supply can change
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
Removes wastes from tissue
Exchanges gases in lungs
Forms urine in the kidneys
41
Q

blood velocity

A

speed; inversely related to cross-sectional area of vessels and regulated locally by modifying diameter of arterioles

42
Q

metabolic mechanism for blood velocity

A

Low levels of nutrients or oxygen cause vasodilation and relaxation of precapillary sphincters
Based on needs

43
Q

myogenic mechanism for blood velocity

A

Changes in stretch of vessel causes response in smooth muscle of vessel

44
Q

angiogenic mechanism for blood velocity

A

Angiogenesis increases number and size of vessels
LT effect; angiogenic
Production of new blood vessels (mostly capillaries)

45
Q

how things pass through capillaries

A

Respiratory gases and lipid soluble molecules pass via direct diffusion
Water soluble solutes pass through intercellular clefts and fenestrations
Large molecules pass through caveoli
Fluids pass through pinocytic vesicles

46
Q

capillary fluid dynamics

A

Fluid forced out through clefts at arterial end
Most returns at venous end
Flow regulated by balance between hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure
Colloid is accumulation of proteins

47
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

force exerted by fluid pressing against a wall

Capillary hydrostatic pressure drops along length of capillary bed

48
Q

colloid osmotic pressure

A

force created by presence of large, nondiffusible molecules
Functions in opposition to hydrostatic pressure
Does not vary along length of capillary bed

49
Q

net filtration pressure

A

Interaction between hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures
Determines if there is a net gain or loss of fluid from capillaries
Major regulator is blood pressure
Net flow out of capillary

50
Q

portal system

A

Extra set of capillary beds
Veins to capillaries to veins
Serves specific regional tissue needs

51
Q

circulatory shock

A

can’t circulate blood properly

52
Q

hypovolemic shock

A

lose too much blood

53
Q

vascular shock

A

vasodilation
low BP
blood won’t flow properly

54
Q

cariogenic shock

A

heart attack

pump not working properly

55
Q

blood vessel development in fetus

A

Mesoderm cells form the endothelial lining of blood vessels
These collect as blood islands
Connect to form vascular tubes
Platelet-derived growth factor signals mesenchymal cells to form muscular and fibrous coats

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions