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Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

away from heart

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2
Q

elastic arteries

A

from the heart; largest in diameter; not resistant; walls have elastic connective tissue
Dont scrub pressure away
Walls bounce back and push blood forward

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3
Q

muscular arteries

A

more smooth muscle tissue

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4
Q

tunica interna

A

superficial layer, lines the lumen and made of simple squamous ET; smooth flat surface
Capillaries only have this!

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5
Q

tunica media

A

middle layer, made of smooth muscle, can contract
SNS uses NE to stimulate vasoconstriction
Can change diameter nervously and chemically

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6
Q

tunica externa

A

outermost layer, CT, lots of collagen; anchors blood vessels in place

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7
Q

vasa vasorum

A

blood vessels in walls of thick walled blood vessels

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8
Q

continuous capillaries

A

most common, almost everywhere
Endothelial junction= liquid transport
Pinocytic vesicles= transport liquid

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9
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

tiny hole, more permeable, greater amount of exchange, but still not big things
ie) kidneys, endocrine organs, intestines

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10
Q

sinusoidal capillaries

A

big holes so proteins, cells, etc. can pass through

ie) spleen, liver, bone marrow

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11
Q

terminal arteriole

A

deliver blood

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12
Q

metarteriole

A

shortcut on arterial side

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13
Q

thoroughfare channel

A

short cut on venue side

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14
Q

post capillary venule

A

receiving end

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15
Q

vascular shunt

A

total shortcut

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16
Q

true capillaries

A

paths around

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17
Q

pre capillary sphincters

A

regulatory structure

microcirculation controller

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18
Q

artery characteristics

A 
Thick walls
Small lumen
Thicker tunica media
Lower blood volume
Higher blood pressure
No valves
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19
Q

vein characteristics

A 
Thin walls
Large lumen
Thinner tunica media
Higher blood volume
At anytime more blood in veins
Lower blood pressure
Venous valves
Fight gravity
mechanism to get blood back to the heart
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20
Q

muscular pump

A

muscle pushes into blood vessels and assists blood movement

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21
Q

respiratory pump

A

veins closest to heart have lowest pressure; pressure differentials in breathing

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22
Q

collateral channels

A

alternate pathways

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23
Q

blood flow

A

volume of blood flowing through body at any time
Constant but where it goes can change
Directly proportional to difference in BP (greater difference, more blood goes there)
Inversely proportional to peripheral resistance (opp of flow due to friction)

24
Q

peripheral resistence

A

opposition to flow

25
mean arterial pressure
diastolic pressure/ (pulse pressure/3)
26
counteracting brief fluctuations
change blood flow in capillaries; in response to needs Increase by opening true capillaries Alter vessel diameter
27
vasomotor center
in medulla sympathetic nerve fibers use NE and cause smooth muscle contraction
28
vasomotor tone
cause blood vessels to be partially contracted; allows for more dilation Neural reflex arcs
29
neural reflex arcs
Baroreceptors detect change in pressure as it flows out of heart Vasomotor center inhibited Peripheral resistance and pressure reduced
30
chemical reflex arcs
Chemoreceptors detect drop in oxygen level or ph or increase in CO2 Cardioacceleratory center stimulated Increase heart rate Pump blood faster for more exchange Vasomotor center stimulated Vessels constrict Blood pressure increases
31
ANP
Increase in stretch causes ANP increase in urine output, changing blood pressure and volume
32
ADH
Posterior pituitary Affect kidney Increase blood volume, stimulated by low BP
33
angiotensin 2
Cause vasoconstriction Aldosterone Low BP → renin → angiotensin II Increase in BP leads to decrease renin
34
endothelium derived factors
chemical produced by blood vessels
35
inflammatory chemicals
histamine | decrease BP
36
alcohol
Low blood volume and blood pressure Inhibits ADH and vasomotor center Cause vasodilation Cause direct dilation of blood vessels
37
nicotine
same effect as NE and E
38
direct renal mechanism
increase in blood pressure or blood volume speeds up filtration rate in kidneys Greater urine
39
indirect renal mechanism
renin angiotensin mech. Decrease in BP causes kidneys to release renin Renin stimulates angiotensin II production Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone production Blood pressure rises
40
tissue perfusion
``` Matches need If needs change then blood supply can change Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues Removes wastes from tissue Exchanges gases in lungs Forms urine in the kidneys ```
41
blood velocity
speed; inversely related to cross-sectional area of vessels and regulated locally by modifying diameter of arterioles
42
metabolic mechanism for blood velocity
Low levels of nutrients or oxygen cause vasodilation and relaxation of precapillary sphincters Based on needs
43
myogenic mechanism for blood velocity
Changes in stretch of vessel causes response in smooth muscle of vessel
44
angiogenic mechanism for blood velocity
Angiogenesis increases number and size of vessels LT effect; angiogenic Production of new blood vessels (mostly capillaries)
45
how things pass through capillaries
Respiratory gases and lipid soluble molecules pass via direct diffusion Water soluble solutes pass through intercellular clefts and fenestrations Large molecules pass through caveoli Fluids pass through pinocytic vesicles
46
capillary fluid dynamics
Fluid forced out through clefts at arterial end Most returns at venous end Flow regulated by balance between hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure Colloid is accumulation of proteins
47
hydrostatic pressure
force exerted by fluid pressing against a wall | Capillary hydrostatic pressure drops along length of capillary bed
48
colloid osmotic pressure
force created by presence of large, nondiffusible molecules Functions in opposition to hydrostatic pressure Does not vary along length of capillary bed
49
net filtration pressure
Interaction between hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures Determines if there is a net gain or loss of fluid from capillaries Major regulator is blood pressure Net flow out of capillary
50
portal system
Extra set of capillary beds Veins to capillaries to veins Serves specific regional tissue needs
51
circulatory shock
can't circulate blood properly
52
hypovolemic shock
lose too much blood
53
vascular shock
vasodilation low BP blood won't flow properly
54
cariogenic shock
heart attack | pump not working properly
55
blood vessel development in fetus
Mesoderm cells form the endothelial lining of blood vessels These collect as blood islands Connect to form vascular tubes Platelet-derived growth factor signals mesenchymal cells to form muscular and fibrous coats

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (4 decks)

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