Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary circuit carries blood from where to where

A

Carries blood to and from the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The systemic circulation of blood from

A

Carries blood to and from the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many times does a heartbeat per day

A

100,000 times a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many litres of blood does the heart pump a day

A

8000 litres of blood per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The right atrium receives blood from where

A

The systemic circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The right ventricle pumps blood into…

A

The pulmonary circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The left atrium receives blood from…

A

The pulmonary circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The left ventricle Pumps blood into…

A

The systemic circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which side of the heart receives oxygen poor blood

A

The right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs

A

The left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Location of the heart

A

Anterior to chest wall, behind the sternum, lies in the mediastinum between the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Base of the Heart Leans towards the

A

Right shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Apex points towards the

A

Left hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Apical impulse is palpated between

A

The fifth and sixth rib just below the left nipple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three layers of the heart wall

A

Epicardium myocardium endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the epicardium

A

Visceral, Outer layer made of epithelium and areolar connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the myocardium layer of the heart

A

Muscular wall contains cardiac muscle blood vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the endocardium layer of the heart

A

Covers the inside chamber of the heart made of simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the pericardium

A

Serous membrane surrounds the heart and lies the pericardial cavity. Hold the pericardial sac containing fluid between the layers that helps reduce friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What’s pericarditis

A

Information of pericardium. Known as creaking sound. Cause is pericardial friction rub

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is cardiac tamponade

A

What does excess food that leaks into the pericardial space you can compress the heart is pumping capability. Treatment is to draw fluid out of the cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the cardiac muscle tissue arrangement look like

A

Bands that rap or spiral around chambers to help pump in efficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Characteristics of cardiac muscle cells

A

Smaller than skeletal muscle cells, with a single nucleus within the cell, cells joined at intercalated disks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

 What does the connective tissue in the heart do

A

Provide support for cardiac muscle fibers, blood vessels and nerves. Prevents over expansion of the heart and helps the heart return to normal shape after contraction … Forms cardiac skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What’s different about the right ventricle

A

Thinner myocardium
Half moon shape
Lower pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What’s different about the left ventricle

A

Thick myocardium
Higher pressure - 4 to 5 times more
Propels blood to whole body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Interatrial septum… What does it separate

A

The two atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Interventricular septum separates what

A

The two ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does AV valve stand for

A

Atrioventricular valve
Rt AV valve: tricuspid
Lt AV valve: bicuspid (mitral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Vessels of the right atrium name all three

A

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the small depression in the inter-atrial septum in the adult heart versus child heart

A

Fossa ovalis in adults and foramen ovals in kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Function of papillary muscles

A

Cone shaped muscles attached to the chordae tendineae. Help prevent back flow from ventricles to atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

WhT is regurgitation

A

When blood flows back into atria from the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What’s a heart murmur

A

Sounds made by small amounts of regurgitation of blood or by hardened valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Trabeculae Carneae

A

Muscles ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cusps are held together by…

A

Chordae tendineae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Semi lunar valves

A

Prevent back flow into ventricles
Under less pressure so don’t require muscle bracing
Aortic sinuses prevent cusps from sticking to aortic walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

2 conditions that weaken the heart

A

Incompetent valve: blood back flows so heat keeps trying to pump blood

Valvular stenosis: stuff flap that doesn’t open so heart has to work harder to pump blood out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Rt coronary artery supplies blood to…

A

Rt atrium and parts of north ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Lt coronary artery supplies blood to…

A

Lt atrium, Lt ventricle, interventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What’s anastomoses

A

Interconnections formed b/w arteries

Provide another route for blood supply to cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the great and middle cardiac veins

A

Drain blood from coronary capillaries and drain into the coronary sinus

43
Q

What’s a myocardial infarction???

A

Known as a heart attach
The infarction is the area of dead tissue
Caused by disturbance in the blood flow
Usually caused my coronary artery disease

44
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain because of decifiency in blood delivery to myocardium
Weak cells

45
Q

It What sequence does the heart pump

A

A true cells first followed by ventricular cells

46
Q

What are the two cardiac muscles involved in contraction

A
  1. Contractile cells

2. Cells of the conducting system

47
Q

What do contractile cells do

A
  • Produce contractions that propels blood
  • 99% of all cardiac muscle cells
  • Voltage gated channels that stay open longer than skeletal muscle contraction
48
Q

Explain the property of automaticity

A

Cardia muscle tissues contract on its own even without neural or hormonal stimulation

49
Q

Where is the SA node and what does it do

A

Electrical impulse that Begins the heartbeat (it’s a pacemaker)
Located in the wall of the right atrium

50
Q

What do the internodal pathways do

A

Distribute the contractile stimulus to the atria muscles cells as the electrical impulse travels down to the ventricles

51
Q

Where is the AV node and what does it do

A

Located in the Junction b/w the atria and ventricles
Also has pacemaker cells but they don’t affect the heart rate. If something happens to the SA node, the actual node makes sure the heart stays pumping

52
Q

Where is the AV bundle and what does it do

A

Located in the septum b/w the ventricles

The only electrical connection b/w the atria and ventricles. This branches into bundle branches

53
Q

What do the bundle branches do

A

The left one is much larger since it needs for strength to pump. Both of these extend to the apex of the heart and around the ventricles

54
Q

What are the Purkinje fibres and where are they located

A

They are responsible for relaying electrical impulses from the bundle branches to contract the ventricles

55
Q

What are the two pacemaker cells

A

SA node and AV node

56
Q

What are the conducting cells

A

Bundle of HIS, rt and Lt bundle branches, purkinje fibres

57
Q

Both Atria and ventricles contract at a rate of how many beats per minute

A

70-80 bpm

58
Q

If the SA node fails the av node kicks in and contracts at a rate of ___bpm

A

40-60

59
Q

How long does the sequence of Cardiac impulse across the heart take?

A

0.22 seconds

60
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregular heart rhythm - uncoordinated contraction between the atria and ventricles

61
Q

What is fibrillation

A

Rapid irregular contractions. To treat you would need to fibrillation to interrupt the twitching and give the heart a clean slate

62
Q

Defective SA node can cause what

A

Ectopic focus - over pacing

63
Q

WhT is extra systole

A

Premature contraction. Can be from too much caffeine or smoking. An impulse before the SA node can

64
Q

What happens if you have a defective av node

A

Can get a heart block where few or no impulses reach ventricles and ventricles beat at their own intrinsic rate soo you would need a pace maker

65
Q

Heart rate of bradycardia

A

Slower than 60 bpm

66
Q

Rate of tachycardia

A

More than 100 Bpm

67
Q

What’s an ectopic pacemaker

A

When abnormal cells generate action potentials so quickly that the SA and AV nodes are overridden

68
Q

What is an ECG or EKG

A

Recording of electrical events of the heart is the diagnose cardiac arrhythmias or other abnormal cardiac activity

69
Q

What is the P-wave

A

Indicates atrial depolarization 

70
Q

What’s the QRS Complex

A

Ventricular depolarization and hidden atrial repolarization

71
Q

What is the T-wave

A

Indicates a ventricular repolarization

72
Q

P wave

A

Depolarization of SA node and atria

73
Q

QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

74
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

75
Q

No p wave means…

A

The SA node doesn’t want to work and the av node steps in at 40-60 bpm

76
Q

When you have more p waves than qrs waves

A

The av nodes doesn’t want to conduct some of the SA node impulses so you. Usually have two p waves for each qrs wave this is a second degree heart block

77
Q

What is ventricular fibrillation look like on a EKG

A

Bumpy af… disorganized and random

Seen in acute heart attack of after electrical shock

78
Q

What’s happening during “lubb” or S1

A

Av valves are closing

79
Q

What’s happening during “dub” or S2

A

When the pulmonary and atrial valves close ( the semi lunar valves)

80
Q

What happens during S3 and S4

A

Such a faint sound. It’s the atria is contracting and the ventricles are filling up with blood

81
Q

What’s systole

A

Contraction of the heart

82
Q

What’s diastole

A

When heart relaxes

83
Q

What happened during ventricular filling

A

Atria relaxes and blood flows into ventricles

-End of diastolic volume

84
Q

Isovolumetric contraction

A

Altria relax, ventricles contract

85
Q

Isovulumetric relaxation

A

Ventricles relax

- end systole volume-

86
Q

What is the sound when you have an incompetent valve that fails to close

A

You have lots of back flow and hear “swishing”

87
Q

What is the sound here one valve fails to open completely

A

High pitched Creaking sound from stenosis valve

88
Q

What is the stroke volume

A

Volume of blood ejected by a ventricle in one beat

89
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in one minute

90
Q

How do you calculate cardiac output

A

Stroke volume. X heart rate

91
Q

What is atrial reflex or bainbridge reflex

A

When you have an increase in venous return your heart rate is adjusted in response to this event …
causes an increased heart rate..causes SA node cells to depolarized faster

92
Q

What is the frank-starling principle

A

“More in = more out”

93
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Depresses heart

94
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Increased HR and more contractions

95
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Cardiac arrest from altered electrical activity

96
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Feeble heartbeat - arrhythmia

97
Q

Congestive heart failure

A
  • coronary atherosclerosis (clogged arteries)
  • persistent hbp
  • multiple myocardial infarcts
  • dilated cardiomyopathy
  • pulmonary congestion(blood stuck in lungs)
  • peripheral congestion (blood stuck in body parts) leading to swelling
98
Q

How to treat congestive heart failure

A

Removal of fluids, drugs to help reduce after load and increase contractility

99
Q

How long does it take for the heart to develop in embryo

A

35 days

100
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Opening in the heart that connects the atria together ( in fetus )

101
Q

Ductus arteriosum

A

Connect pulmonary trunk to aorta. Closes shortly after birth

102
Q

Tetralogy or fallout

A

Having more than one heart defect in a baby

103
Q

Coarctation of aorta

A

Really narrow aorta that makes the left ventricle have to work so much harder

104
Q

Ventricular septal defect

A

Intra ventricular septum has a hole and blood flows from left to right ventricle “swooshing sound”

Anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions