hearing anatomy

Question 1

what is the function of the outer ear

Answer 1

conducts sound and directs to ear drum

Question 2

role of middle ear

Answer 2

absorbs sound and transmits vibrations through ossicular chain

Question 3

eustachian tube

Answer 3

equalizes pressure between middle ear and external air
allows drainage

Question 4

inner ear components

Answer 4

bony labyrinth includes vestibule, semicircular canals and cochlea
membranous labyrinth includes utricle, saccule, cochlear duct

Question 5

utricle and saccule

Answer 5

balance

Question 6

how is sound converted into electrical signals

Answer 6

stapes footplate displaces cochlear fluids causing basilar membrane to move disturbing hair cells which transducer mechanical energy into electrical impulses

Question 7

what does the outer ear do

Answer 7

transmit sound waves to middle ear

Question 8

middle ear

Answer 8

converts sound waves into mechanical energy

Question 9

inner ear

Answer 9

converts mechanical energy into electrical energy

Question 10

presbycusis

Answer 10

age related hearing loss
usually sensorineural

Question 11

phonemic regression

Answer 11

significant reduction in speech discrimination

Question 12

recruitment in hearing loss

Answer 12

abnormal increase in perceived loudness of auditory signal

Question 13

tinnitus

Answer 13

ringing sensation

Question 14

how does aging affect outer ear

Answer 14

minimal documented changes affecting hearing

Question 15

how does aging affect middle ear

Answer 15

less efficient at sound transmission due to stiffness

Question 16

how does aging affect inner ear

Answer 16

damage to hair cells leading to presbycusis

Question 17

conductive HL

Answer 17

outer or middle

Question 18

sensorineural HL

Answer 18

inner or nerve

Question 19

discrimination

Answer 19

telling differences between sounds or stimuli

Question 20

how is conductive hearing loss treated

Answer 20

medically or surgically
tubes or antibiotics

Question 21

how is sensorineural hearing loss treated

Answer 21

hearing aids
cochlear implants
aural rehab
speech reading

Question 22

what are the responsibilities of audiologists

Answer 22

hearing measurement, diagnostic assistance, medical rehab, aural rehab

Question 23

why dont older adults always receive audiologic help

Answer 23

availability, awareness and cost are major barriers

Question 24

what factors affect the success of audiological habilitation

Answer 24

training in hearing aid use, physical and psychological barriers, memory issues, family reactions, financial concerns, relocation, and health problems

Question 25

what is the purpose of pure tone air conduction testing

Answer 25

measure the hearing threshold for sounds transmitted through air

Question 26

what is the difference between pure tone air conduction and bone conduction testing

Answer 26

shows if there is a conductive component to HL

Question 27

What does speech recognition threshold testing measure?

Answer 27

SRT measures softest level that a person can correctly repeat two syllable words with 50% accuracy

Question 28

speech discrimination testing

Answer 28

persons ability to repeat 25-50 one syllable words

Question 29

what does impedance testing check

Answer 29

status of middle ear by assessing how ear reacts to air pressure change

Question 30

what is brainstem evoked response audiometry

Answer 30

uses EEG to check if sound reaches brainstem

Question 31

what is electronystagmus testing

Answer 31

involuntary eye movements in response to vestibular stimuli

Question 32

why is it difficult to test central auditory system

Answer 32

there are no reliable tests and central issues can affect all aspects of auditory behavior