Anatomy Flashcards
4 basic processes for speech production
respiration - power for speech
phonation - produce voice
articulation - form speech sounds
resonance - alters sounds
how does aging affect the thorax
rib cage more concave, ribs get closer, thorax stiffer, costal cartilages ossify leading to decreased chest wall compliance
what happens to lower airways as we age
bronchi and lungs descend in thorax, pleural becomes less elastic with more collagen reducing elasticity
how does aging affect lungs
decreased lung elasticity, expiratory flow rate and muscle strength
increased residual air
how does speech breathing change in older adults
larger lung and rib cage volumes
fewer syllables per breath
greater lung volume per syllable
how does aging affect the larynx
cartilage ossification
vocal fold atrophy
reduced muscle strength and blood supply
what are the changes in the craniofacial skeleton due to aging
alters points of muscle attachment, affecting speech efficiency, loss of alveolar bone from tooth loss changing the oral cavity shape
how does aging affect TMJ
alter the resting position of TMJ and restrict or change mandibular movement
how do muscles change with aging
decrease muscle mass, biting force, and ability to learn new tasks
how does aging affect saliva production and oral mucosa
saliva can change subtly, poorly fitting dentures and smoking may impact mucosa
how does aging affect tongue and taste?
thinning of tongue surface, reduced taste and temperature sensitivity, changes in tongue pressure evaluation
how do teeth and gums change with aging
gums thin, teeth become shorter, darker or worn
how does aging affect sense of smell
smell decreases relating to taste and ability to detect dangerous odors
what changes occur in swallowing with age
reduce efficiency of swallowing but dont lead to true dysphagia
how does aging affect respiration for speech
weakness and lack of control of exhalation may lead to prosodic changes, fatigue, and more frequent pauses
how does aging affect phonation
hoarse, breathy speech, overall muscle weakness and pitch changes
how does aging affect resonance
increase in oral cavity size and lowering of larynx might change formants
how does aging affect articulation
muscle atrophy leads to reduced extent and speed of movement of articulatiors
what areas of the brain are important for speech and swallowing
brainstem
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital love
temporal lobe
what happens in brocas area
motor speech production
damage can result in aphasia
what happens in wernickes area
auditory comprehension
damage can lead to fluent but nonsensical speech
frontal lobe
executive function
parietal lobe
tactile/kinesthetic sensations
temporal lobe
auditory
occipital lobe
visual
