Healthy Sexuality Flashcards by Skye Burnett

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

• The highest rates of STIs occur in ___-___ year olds

16,24

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Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

• They are the a major cause of preventable ______, and can lead to ectopic ____________, a life-threatening condition.

sterility,pregnancies

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Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
• Untreated STIs increase the risk for a ___________, _______ ________, post-natal
________ infections, along with infection of the ________.

miscarriage, premature delivery, uterine, newborn.

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Sexually Transmitted Infections

• The ________ that lead to STI infections live best on the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract

microbes

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• It is possible to have more than one ___ at the same time.

STI

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It is possible to have catch or have more than one STI at a time. ______ one doesn’t necessarily ____ another, treatment does not act as a protection/prevention from another STI infection.

Curing, cure

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• Many STI infections do not produce any _________ or _____.

symptoms, signs

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Many STIs may not cause any symptoms, as a result, infected individuals may continue their usual sexual activity without realizing that they are jeopardizing _____ well-being.

others

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• Infection with one STI increases the risk of becoming infected with another ___.

STI

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• STI infection risk is increased in __________ and _____ ______.

Adolescents, young adults

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STIs in Adolescents and Young Adults
• STI infection risk is increased in this population group due to:
– ____-_______ behavior, feeling ___________.
– _______ sexual partners
– Failure to use _____ methods such as _______.
– _________ _____, making sexual decisions under the influence of them.

risk-taking, invulnerable
Multiple
Barrier, condoms
Substance abuse

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Prevention & Protection

• ___________ is the most effective way to prevent infection with an STI.

Abstinence

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Prevention & Protection

• To reduce risk, a mutually faithful sexual relationship with just ____ healthy partner is safest option

one

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Prevention & Protection
For men and women who are sexually active, a mutually faithful sexual relationship with just one healthy partner is the safest option. For those not in such relationships, safer-sex _________ are essential for reducing risk.
• Honest, open communication about prior sexual ______ is also important.

practices

history

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Prevention of and Protection from STIs
• Health professionals advocate ______ before initiation of a sexual relationship
• University health services provide exams and education about STIs

testing

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Chlamydia

• Most common sexually transmitted _________ (chlamydia trachomatis)

bacterium

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Chlamydia
• Most common sexually transmitted bacterium (chlamydia trachomatis)
• Frequently occurs with concurrent _________ infection

Gonorrhea

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Chlamydia
• Most common sexually transmitted bacterium (chlamydia trachomatis)
• Frequently occurs with concurrent gonorrhea infection
• Having _______ sexual partners is a risk factor
• Symptoms may be absent in both ____ and _______

multiple,

men, women

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Chlamydia

• In women, untreated infections lead to _____ __________ _______ (_ _ _)

Pelvic inflammatory Disease (PID)

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Chlamydia

• Infection can be transmitted to newborn during _______, causing eye infections called conjunctivitis

delivery

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Chlamydia

• Infection can be transmitted to newborn during delivery, causing ___ infections called conjunctivitis

eye

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Chlamydia

• Infection can be transmitted to newborn during delivery, causing eye infections called __________.

conjunctivitis

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Chlamydia

• Infection with chlamydia increases chances of acquiring _ _ _

HIV

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• Newborns can be exposed to ________ during vaginal delivery and can develop pneumonia or eye infections

Chlamydia

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Chlamydia | • Newborns can be exposed to Chlamydia during vaginal delivery and can develop __________ or ___ infections

pneumonia, eye

Chlamydia is treatment is by ________.

antibiotics

Chlamydia • Newborns can be exposed to Chlamydia during vaginal delivery and can develop pneumonia or eye infections • Treatment is by antibiotics • ______ _______ should also be treated.

sexual partners

Chlamydia | • Men with Chlamydia can develop scarring of the ______, leading to pain on ________.

urethra, urination

Infection of a women's fallopian tubes or uterus, called _____ __________ ______ (PID), is not actually an STI, but rather a complication of STIs. It can result in scarring of fallopian tubes, and can also damage the ovaries and uterus.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

_________ | • Very common infection, highest amongst teenagers and young adults

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea | • ______ _______ is the primary means of contracting this bacterial infection.

Sexual contact

Gonorrhea | • Sexual contact is the primary means of contracting this ________ infection.

bacterial

Gonorrhea | • This infection is the leading cause of sterility in ______, can lead to ___.

women, PID

Gonorrhea | – Symptoms in men include burning on _______, thick ___ which oozes from penis, _____.

urination, pus, pain

Gonorrhea • Symptoms – Women may have vaginal ________ and burning on ________.

discharge, urination

Gonorrhea | – Some women and men may have ___ _________ of infection.

no symptoms

Gonorrhea • Symptoms – Causative ________ can live in vagina or fallopian tubes or on cervix for years, and sexual partners can continue to be infected.

bacteria

Gonorrhea is spread through _______, ____-_____, or _______-_____ contact.

genital, oral-genital, genital-anal

Gonorrhea • Results of the infection – ___ is a major risk after infection with gonorrhea

PID

Gonorrhea • Results of the infection – PID is a major risk after infection with gonorrhea – Infection may also enter pelvic cavity involving ________ tubes and ______.

Fallopian, ovaries

Gonorrhea • Results of the infection – In men, infection can spread to ______ gland, _______, ______ and _______.

prostate, testicles, bladder, kidneys

Gonorrhea can also lead to ________ obstruction

urinary

In both sexes, gonorrhea can develop into a serious, even fatal, ______-_____ infection that can cause arthritis in the joints, and meningitis, attack the heart muscles and lining and attack the skin and other orangs.

blood-borne

Gonorrhea can also develop into ______-____ infections in both men and women.

blood borne

Gonorrhea cab be treated with ________.

antibiotics

Gonorrhea Results of the infection - ____-_______ strains have come more common.

Drug-resistant

The term ____________ _________ (NGU) refers to any inflammation of the urethra that is not caused by gonorrhea. NGU is the most common STI in men. Three microorganisms - Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma genitalium -> are the primary causes. The usual means of transmission is sexual intercourse. Other infection agents such as fungi, or bacteria, allergic reactions to vaginal secretions, or irritation by soaps or contraceptive foams or gels may also lead to NGU.

nongonococcal urethritis

Syphilis is caused by a ________.

bacterium

Syphilis - ______ contact is the primary means of transmission when the bacterium enters the body through a break in the skin or mucous membranes.

sexual

Infection with syphilis increases the risk of _ _ _ infection, and vice versa.

HIV

Syphilis is identified by distinct stages 1. ) _______ syphilis 2. ) _________ syphilis 3. ) _____ syphilis 4. ) _____ syphilis

1. ) Primary 2. ) Secondary 3. ) Latent 4. ) Tertiary

1._______ syphilis • Open lump or crater (chancre) appearing at point of entry of bacterium • Chancre is teeming with bacteria and any contact is likely to result in infection

Primary

The primary stage of syphilis: A painless ______ (ulcer) appears at the point of entry of the bacterium. The ______ is teeming(be full of or swarming with) with bacteria, and any contact is likely to result in infection.

chancre | chancre

2.) _______ syphilis – 1-12 months after initial infection – May be symptomless, but symptoms can include skin rash, whitish patches in mouth, swollen glands, moist sores around mouth and genitals – Symptoms may disappear, and may seem nonspecific

Secondary

The Secondary stage of syphilis - takes place _-__ months after initial infection - may not have any symptoms, however, if it does it would include ____ _____, ______ patches in the mouth, swollen ______, moist ____ are around the mouth and genitals. - The ______ disappears

1-12 skin rash, whitish, glands, sores symptoms

3. _____ syphilis – No symptoms present, but bacteria are invading various organs of body, although there can be outbreaks which decrease in intensity – Mother to fetus transmission can occur – Infection in early prenatal period can lead to disfigurement or death in the infant – Infection in the late prenatal period results in tertiary syphilitic infections in the child

Latent

3. Latent syphilis – No _________ present, but bacteria are invading various organs of body, although there can be outbreaks which decrease in intensity – ______ to _____ transmission can occur

- symptoms | - Mother, fetus

Mother to fetus transmission can occur - Infection in early prenatal period can lead to __________ or _____ in the infant. - Infection in the late prenatal period results in _______ syphilitic infections in the child.

- disfigurement, death, | - tertiary

4.) _______ syphilis • 10-20 years after beginning of latent stage • Different organ systems are involved • Aortic rupture or other heart damage is a possibility • Progressive brain involvement may lead to paralysis, blindness, dementia

Tertiary

Tertiary syphilis - Takes place __-__ years after beginning of latent stage. - Different _____ systems are involved. - _____ rupture or other _____ damage is a possibility. - Progressive brain involvement may lead to ________, ______, _______.

- 10,20 - organ - Aortic, heart - paralysis, blindness, dementia

_____ is the name given to a variety of viruses

Herpes

``` Herpes Simplex • Herpes is the name given to a variety of viruses • This class of viruses generally causes _______ on the skin or mucous membranes ```

blistering

• Herpes simplex virus _ (HSV-_) – Most common type of herpes virus – Causes cold sores and blisters around the mouth, but can be responsible for sores around genitals.

1,1

• Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) – Most ________ type of herpes virus – Causes _____ _____ and ______ around the mouth, but can be responsible for _____ around genitals

common, cold sores, blisters, sores

• Herpes simplex virus _ (HSV-_) – Causes blisters on the penis, inside the vagina, on the cervix, buttocks, pubic area – Types _ herpes lesions can also occur in the mouth

2,2,2

• Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) – Causes _____ on the penis, inside the vagina, on the cervix, buttocks, pubic area – Types 2 herpes lesions can also occur in the ______

blister, mouth

• Herpes simplex _-infected people have the virus and can spread it even between flare-ups of the disease when there are no signs of the infection.

Herpes Simplex 2 | • Transmission is through close contact of _____ __________

mucous membranes

Herpes Simplex 2 | • _______ help protect from infection, although not 100% effective

Condoms

Herpes Simplex 2 | • Newborns can be infected during _______, therefore _________ _______ is recommended

delivery, caesarean delivery

The virus that causes _____ never entirely goes away,

herpes

Herpes Simplex 2 • Herpes simplex viruses are not completely cleared from the system once a person is infected • Outbreaks can return, although with diminishing _______ and _______ over time

frequency, severity

Herpes Simplex 2 | • Outbreaks often occur during periods of _____ or sudden changes in _____ __________.

stress, body temperature

Herpes Simplex 2 | • Treatment is by _______ drugs which decrease the severity of the outbreak.

antiviral

Herpes Simplex 2 • Intense long-term _____ is likely to cause a flare- up of the infection, and flare-ups tend to occur during menstruation or even after sudden changes in body temperature

stress

HPV stands for:

Human Papilloma Virus

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) | • This infection is otherwise known as ______ ____.

Genital Warts

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • This infection is otherwise known as Genital Warts • HPV is the most common ____ STI

viral

• _ _ _ is the name of a group of 100 or so viruses, some of which are sexually transmitted

HPV

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) | • Infection with this virus increases the chance of developing ______ cancer in women.

cervical

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • A _______ is available that provides protection from 4 strains that are associated with 70% of the cases of cervical cancer and 90% of genital warts.

vaccine

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • A vaccine is available that provides protection from 4 strains that are associated with __% of the cases of cervical cancer and __% of genital warts.

70,90

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) | • Sexual partners can be unknowingly infected due to lack of _________

symptoms

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • Sexual partners can be unknowingly infected due to lack of symptoms • Risk factors include _______, use of ___ contraceptives, _______ sex partners, ______ consumption at time of sexual activity

smoking, oral, multiple, alcohol

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) | • The virus is transmitted primarily through _______, ____ and ____-genital sexual activity

vaginal, anal, oral

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • The virus is transmitted primarily through vaginal, anal and oral-genital sexual activity • Warts may appear from _ weeks to __ months after contact with an infected individual

3,18

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • The virus is transmitted primarily through vaginal, anal and oral-genital sexual activity • Warts may appear from 3 weeks to 18 months after contact with an infected individual • There is a strong association between HPV infection and cancer of the _____, _____, ____, _____, ______ and _____

cervix, vagina, vulva, urethra, penis, anus

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) | • Treatment of the warts is by ______ (cryosurgery), cauterization (use of ____), ______ removal, ______ removal

freezing, heat, chemical, surgical

Effects of HPV Infection | • Women with the infection should have annual ___ smears to detect any changes leading to _____ cancer.

Pap, cervical

Effects of HPV Infection | • The ______ should be examined regularly

genitals

Effects of HPV Infection | • Men with genital warts should have the warts removed as the warts increase the risk of _____ cancer

penile

_____ ____ | • Insects that are found in the pubic hair, but can migrate to any other hairy parts of the body

Public lice

Pubic Lice • Insects that are found in the pubic hair, but can migrate to any other hairy parts of the body • Bites from the lice produce _______ and _______

itching, irritation

Pubic Lice • Insects that are found in the pubic hair, but can migrate to any other hairy parts of the body • Bites from the lice produce itching and irritation • Treatment involves using ________ or _______ that specifically kill the lice, also _______ bedding and clothing

shampoo, creams, washing

HIV stands for

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HIV | • HIV-human immunodeficiency virus is the virus linked to _ _ _ _

AIDS

AIDS stands for

Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome

HIV • HIV-human immunodeficiency virus is the virus liked to AIDS (Acquired Human Deficiency Syndrome) • At present, the greatest increase in infections is in the __________ community in _______ countries, although previously thought to be restricted to ____.

heterosexual,developing, gays

HIV • HIV-human immunodeficiency virus is the virus liked to AIDS (Acquired Human Deficiency Syndrome) • At present, the greatest increase in infections is in the heterosexual community in developing countries, although previously thought to be restricted to gays • ___-_______ _____ is the most severely hit region in the world

Sub-Saharan Africa

The Spread of HIV Infection and AIDS • HIV infection is a result of several factors such as: – ______ sexual activity with multiple ________ partners

Frequent, anonymous

The Spread of HIV Infection and AIDS • HIV infection is a result of several factors such as: – Frequent sexual activity with multiple anonymous partners – ___-___ sexual practices such as ___ intercourse

high-risk , anal

Reducing the Risk of Infection with HIV • HIV lives in _____, _____, ______ fluids, _____ ____, and can be spread by these fluids in a single episode of exposure

blood, semen, vaginal, breat milk

Reducing the Risk of Infection with HIV • HIV lives in blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk, and can be spread by these fluids in a single episode of exposure • ____ intercourse is an extremely high-risk behavior associated with transmission of HIV

Anal

Reducing the Risk of Infection with HIV • High risk behaviours, such as having multiple sex partners, sex without ________ or without ____-_____ __________, sharing _______ for ____ use, greatly increase the chance of contracting the virus. • Having another ___ increases the risk

condoms, virus-killing spermicides, needles, drug, STI

Reducing the Risk of Infection with HIV • High risk behaviours, such as having multiple sex partners, sex without condoms or without virus- killing spermicides, sharing needles for drug use, greatly increase the chance of contracting the virus • Having another STI increases the risk • To reduce mother-child transmission, _________ birth is encouraged if the mother is HIV positive

cesarean

HIV Infection | • HIV has the ability to cause abnormalities in the _______ _______.

immune system

HIV Infection • HIV has the ability to cause abnormalities in the immune system • Once virus enters __________, generalized _________ appear

bloodstream, symptoms

HIV Infection | • The symptoms are ___-like

flu

HIV Infection • The symptoms are flu-like: swollen ______ nodes, _____ and _____, ______, ______ loss, _______ and shortness of breath, persistent ________.

lymph, fever, chills, diarrhea, weight, coughing, tiredness

HIV Infection | • The use of HIV _________ ________ has reduced the toll of HIV in some areas of the world

antiretroviral cocktails

HIV Infection - The use of HIV antiretroviral cocktails has reduced the toll of HIV in some areas of the world. • The infection, with this treatment, has become similar to a ______ infection • Incidence rates in Eastern ______ and ____ are still on the rise

chronic, Europe, Asia

Whether people use safer sex practices is complicated – _____,_____,______,_____ – but at least the barrier of ‘lack of reliable information on sex’ can be addressed through reliable, evidence-informed resources.

power, access, attitudes, beliefs

What makes sexuality health? - _____ about diverse peoples’ and cultures’ different ______ and ______ about sexuality. • Develop _____ into issues related to healthy sexuality.

Learn, beliefs, values, insight

Sexual self-care, such as ______ and _______ awareness, __________, normal _________ _____

breast, testicular, contraception, menstrual cycle

16 Safer Sex Practices 1. ) 2. ) ____ activites 3. ) Use a ______. 4. ) _______ sexual activity with your partner(s) 5. ) Properly ______ shared ___ ___. 6. ) Participate in activities where body ____ are not shared. 7. ) Avoid contact with another person's ____. 8. ) Limit the _____ of _____ ______. 9. ) Share relevant information with each other about ______ _____ and ___ status 10. )Avoid sex under the influence of an amount of ______ or _____ that would interfere with decision-making or sticking with decisions you have made about sexual activity 11. ) Get tested for ___ 12. ) Get ________ against STIs 13. ) Inform your ______ partners if you discover you have an STI 14. ) Treat an ___ 15. ) Become informed about health sexuality, safer sex and STIs 16. ) Adopt positive attitudes towards safer sex.

1. ) Abstinence 2. ) Solo 3. ) Barrier 4. ) Negotiate 5. ) disinfect, sex toys 6. ) Fluids 7. ) Sores 8. ) number, sexual partners 9. ) sexual history, STI 10. ) alcohol, drugs, 11. ) STIs 12. ) Vaccinated 13. ) Previous 14. ) STI

This infection is otherwise known as Genital warts...what is it?

HPV( Human Papilloma Virus)

_____ infection may invade the urethra and cause urinary obstruction and bleeding.

HPV