Healthy Growth & Development

Question 1

Reflex Responses before Cortical Control

Answer 1

-palmar grasp before voluntary grasp etc.

Question 2

Total Response before localized response

Answer 2

–flexor withdrawal affects whole body before able to control one part of body

Question 3

Proximal to Distal Control

Answer 3

-head and midline control before shoulder/hips etc

Question 4

Cephalic control before caudal

Answer 4

-head control then leg control

Question 5

Medial control to lateral

Answer 5

ulnar grasp before pincer grasp

Question 6

Gross motor before fine motor

Answer 6

gross grasp before refined manipulation

Question 7

flexor tone before extensor tone

Answer 7

-physiological flexion before extension

Question 8

Extensor antigravity muscles before flexor

Answer 8

-neck extension before neck flexion antigravity

Question 9

weightbearing on flexed extremities before extended

Answer 9

prone on elbows before all fours

Question 10

cervical to rostral control

Answer 10

-protective extension first in front, then side then backward

Question 11

Risk Factors During Pregnancy

Answer 11

1. preexisting maternal disorders
2. physical and social characteristics
3. age
4. problems in previous pregnancies
5. problems developing during pregnancy
6. problems during labor and delivery

Question 12

Air Pollution

Answer 12

Affects all systems (placenta included)

Question 13

Red Flags: 0-2months

Answer 13

lack leg movement, floppiness, opisthotonus

Question 14

Red Flags: 4 months

Answer 14

rigid postures, inability to flex/extend extremity, asymmetry, poor midline orientation, unilateral movement

Question 15

Red Flags: 9 Months

Answer 15

unable to move forward in prone; bunny hopping

Question 16

Red Flags: 12 months

Answer 16

unable to walk with support; no pincer grasp

Question 17

Red Flags: 15 months

Answer 17

unable to walk independently; walks on toes with legs abducted, lack of controlled release

Question 18

Prone Progression

Answer 18

1. prone lying in flexion
2. antigravity head movement
3. prone on elbows (lift head)
4. prone on extended arms
5. pivot prone (superman)
6. quadruped
7. locomotion (crawling, creeping)

Question 19

Supine Progression

Answer 19

1. supine lying-flexion
2. pull to sit
3. hands to knees
4. hands to feet
5. feet to mouth
6. nonsegmental rolling (log–prone to supine/supine to prone accidentally)
7. segmental rolling

Question 20

Sitting Progression

Answer 20

1. supported sitting
2. propped sitting
3. ring sitting
4. half-ring sitting/side-sitting
5. independent sitting with ant/post curves

Question 21

Walking Progression

Answer 21

1. supported standing
2. independent standing
3. cruising
4. independent locomotion

Question 22

Stair climbing

Answer 22

1. quadruped up
2. quadruped down
3. stepping one foot at time
4. reciprocal steps

Question 23

Early Reflexes

Answer 23

• palmar grasp reflex
• traction reflex
• ATNR
• Visual tracking
• proprioceptive placing
• visual placing