Healthcare Data Foundations Flashcards
Translational bioinformatics
The area that deals with the storage, analysis, and interpretation of large volumes of data.
Clinical research informatics
Concentrates on discovery and management of new knowledge pertinent to health and disease form clinical trials and via secondary data use
Clinical informatics
Concentration is on the delivery of timely, safe, efficient, effective, evidence-based, and patient-centered care
Consumer health informatics
Focus is on the consumer, or patient, view and the structures and processes that enable consumers to manager their own health
Public health informatics
Surveillance, prevention, health promotion, and preparedness
One example of a standardized language that is familiar to most nurses
NADA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association)
Big data
Very large set of data that are beyond human capability to manage, let alone analyze, without the aid of information technology
Give an example of big data
A system that collects information on all the shopper’s cards that are used in the store
What Acts provided economic stimuli and incentives for the adoption of EHRs in alignment with the goal that each person in the United States would have a certified digital record by 2014
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH)
What are some steps that can be used to prevent errors in healthcare?
- Checklists that can prevent slips and lapses
- Tools that improve communication such as hand-off tools
- Automation when possible
- Simplification, organization, and standardization
- Not allowing errors to happen (bar-code administration prevents medication errors)
What are the foundational skills that are required for an information-driven culture?
computer literacy, information literacy, and (for the consumer), health literacy
Computer literacy
the basic understanding and use of computers, software tools, spreadsheets, databases, presentation graphics, social media, and communication via email.
Information literacy
The ability to read and understand the written word and numbers as well as the ability to recognize when information is needed
Health literacy
The ability to understand and act upon basic health care information
What are four simple guiding principles for moral action
- autonomy
- Nonmaleficence
- beneficence
- justice
Nonmaleficence
The obligation for doing no intentional harm
Beneficence
Refers to actions that result in positive outcomes in which benefits and utility are balanced
DIKW
Data, information, knowledge, and wisdom theory provides a generic structure describing how data is used to produce wisdom
Data component of DIKW:
The smallest factors describing the patient, disease state, health environment, an so forth
Information component of DIKW:
Data plus meaning- A continuum of progressively developing and clustered data (Answers who, what, where, and when)
Knowledge component of DIKW:
Information that has been processed and organized so that relations and interactions are identified.
Wisdom component of DIKW:
An appropriate use of knowledge to manage and solve human problems
ANA nursing informatics definition:
The specialty that integrates nursing science computer science, and information science in identifying, collecting, processing, and managing data and information to support nursing practice, administration, education, research, and the expansion of nursing knowledge
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
CDS
Clinical decision support
What is the purpose of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)?
It assists healthcare providers to better manage patient care through secure use and sharing of health information
GRADE
Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation
What is the purpose of GRADE
The approach to getting input from many contributors including representatives of other grading systems
ARRA (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act)
Was enacted in 2009 as an attempt to revive the nation’s economy, create jobs, and address widely neglected challenges that impact the future (reduced COBRA health insurance premiums, tax credit for health coverage to encourage greater compliance)
Define health information technology
Information systems and other information technology used to record, monitor, and deliver patient care as well as perform managerial and organizational functions
Define health information systems
Computer hardware and software dedicated to the collection, storage, processing, retrieval, and communication of patient care information in a healthcare organization
Define Healthcare Information Exchange
Electronic sharing of patient information such as demographic data, allergies, presenting complaints, diagnostic test values, and other relevant data between providers such as primary physicians, specialists, hospitals, and ambulatory care settings according to nationally recognized standards
Define health information networks
Entities that enable the exchange of patient-level information within a multi-state healthcare organization, within a collection of such organizations in one state, or within a collection of such organizations across states
Affordable Care Act
US legislation intended to improve healthcare quality though using information technology ensuring affordable care, and increasing the number of insured persons
Agency for healthcare research and quality (AHRQ)
An agency within the department of health and human services devoted to improving healthcare quality and safety
What is the purpose of HITECH?
A provision of the ARRA that aimed to ensure that healthcare organizations were not only adopting EHRs but also validating their implementation showing meaningful use.
Definition of Meaningful use
Use of health information technology legislated by the ARRA of 2009 to collect specific data with the intent to improve care and population health, engage patients and ensure privacy and security
