Healthcare Data Foundations

Question 1

Translational bioinformatics

Answer 1

The area that deals with the storage, analysis, and interpretation of large volumes of data.

Question 2

Clinical research informatics

Answer 2

Concentrates on discovery and management of new knowledge pertinent to health and disease form clinical trials and via secondary data use

Question 3

Clinical informatics

Answer 3

Concentration is on the delivery of timely, safe, efficient, effective, evidence-based, and patient-centered care

Question 4

Consumer health informatics

Answer 4

Focus is on the consumer, or patient, view and the structures and processes that enable consumers to manager their own health

Question 5

Public health informatics

Answer 5

Surveillance, prevention, health promotion, and preparedness

Question 6

One example of a standardized language that is familiar to most nurses

Answer 6

NADA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association)

Question 7

Big data

Answer 7

Very large set of data that are beyond human capability to manage, let alone analyze, without the aid of information technology

Question 8

Give an example of big data

Answer 8

A system that collects information on all the shopper’s cards that are used in the store

Question 9

What Acts provided economic stimuli and incentives for the adoption of EHRs in alignment with the goal that each person in the United States would have a certified digital record by 2014

Answer 9

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH)

Question 10

What are some steps that can be used to prevent errors in healthcare?

Answer 10

1. Checklists that can prevent slips and lapses
2. Tools that improve communication such as hand-off tools
3. Automation when possible
4. Simplification, organization, and standardization
5. Not allowing errors to happen (bar-code administration prevents medication errors)

Question 11

What are the foundational skills that are required for an information-driven culture?

Answer 11

computer literacy, information literacy, and (for the consumer), health literacy

Question 12

Computer literacy

Answer 12

the basic understanding and use of computers, software tools, spreadsheets, databases, presentation graphics, social media, and communication via email.

Question 13

Information literacy

Answer 13

The ability to read and understand the written word and numbers as well as the ability to recognize when information is needed

Question 14

Health literacy

Answer 14

The ability to understand and act upon basic health care information

Question 15

What are four simple guiding principles for moral action

Answer 15

1. autonomy
2. Nonmaleficence
3. beneficence
4. justice

Question 16

Nonmaleficence

Answer 16

The obligation for doing no intentional harm

Question 17

Beneficence

Answer 17

Refers to actions that result in positive outcomes in which benefits and utility are balanced

Question 18

DIKW

Answer 18

Data, information, knowledge, and wisdom theory provides a generic structure describing how data is used to produce wisdom

Question 19

Data component of DIKW:

Answer 19

The smallest factors describing the patient, disease state, health environment, an so forth

Question 20

Information component of DIKW:

Answer 20

Data plus meaning- A continuum of progressively developing and clustered data (Answers who, what, where, and when)

Question 21

Knowledge component of DIKW:

Answer 21

Information that has been processed and organized so that relations and interactions are identified.

Question 22

Wisdom component of DIKW:

Answer 22

An appropriate use of knowledge to manage and solve human problems

Question 23

ANA nursing informatics definition:

Answer 23

The specialty that integrates nursing science computer science, and information science in identifying, collecting, processing, and managing data and information to support nursing practice, administration, education, research, and the expansion of nursing knowledge

Question 24

HIPAA

Answer 24

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Question 25

CDS

Answer 25

Clinical decision support

Question 26

What is the purpose of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)?

Answer 26

It assists healthcare providers to better manage patient care through secure use and sharing of health information

Question 27

GRADE

Answer 27

Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation

Question 28

What is the purpose of GRADE

Answer 28

The approach to getting input from many contributors including representatives of other grading systems

Question 29

ARRA (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act)

Answer 29

Was enacted in 2009 as an attempt to revive the nation’s economy, create jobs, and address widely neglected challenges that impact the future (reduced COBRA health insurance premiums, tax credit for health coverage to encourage greater compliance)

Question 30

Define health information technology

Answer 30

Information systems and other information technology used to record, monitor, and deliver patient care as well as perform managerial and organizational functions

Question 31

Define health information systems

Answer 31

Computer hardware and software dedicated to the collection, storage, processing, retrieval, and communication of patient care information in a healthcare organization

Question 32

Define Healthcare Information Exchange

Answer 32

Electronic sharing of patient information such as demographic data, allergies, presenting complaints, diagnostic test values, and other relevant data between providers such as primary physicians, specialists, hospitals, and ambulatory care settings according to nationally recognized standards

Question 33

Define health information networks

Answer 33

Entities that enable the exchange of patient-level information within a multi-state healthcare organization, within a collection of such organizations in one state, or within a collection of such organizations across states

Question 34

Affordable Care Act

Answer 34

US legislation intended to improve healthcare quality though using information technology ensuring affordable care, and increasing the number of insured persons

Question 35

Agency for healthcare research and quality (AHRQ)

Answer 35

An agency within the department of health and human services devoted to improving healthcare quality and safety

Question 36

What is the purpose of HITECH?

Answer 36

A provision of the ARRA that aimed to ensure that healthcare organizations were not only adopting EHRs but also validating their implementation showing meaningful use.

Question 37

Definition of Meaningful use

Answer 37

Use of health information technology legislated by the ARRA of 2009 to collect specific data with the intent to improve care and population health, engage patients and ensure privacy and security