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Family Medicine > Health Screening > Flashcards

Health Screening Flashcards

1
Q

Role of screening in the following diseases:

  • stroke
  • neonatal disease
  • cervical cancer
A
  • reduced (50%) due to early detection of hypertension
  • decreased in congenital hypothyroidism + mental retardation
  • reduced (80%) by pap smears
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2
Q

What’s the most common cause of

  • death:
  • premature death:
A
  • death: IHD

- premature: Road injuries

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3
Q

Give examples on primary prevention

A
  • Immunization
  • seat belt
  • education
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4
Q

Give examples on secondary prevention

A
  • BP check
  • mamogram
  • asprin for CVD prevention
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5
Q

Give examples on tertiary prevention

A

Diabetic foot exam

Ventricular hypertrophy ecg in HTN patients

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6
Q

According to the USPSTF screening frame should be

A

1- Burden of disease
2- Tests
3- efficacy\effectiveness of early detection.

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7
Q

Assessing the burden of the disease happens by:

A
  • prevalence & incidence
  • morbidity & mortality
  • economic burden

[public health importance]

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8
Q

In assessing the screening test, define the following

  • reliability
  • validity
  • feasibility
  • performance
  • effectiveness
A
  • bio\human variations
  • accuracy, sensitivity, specificity.
  • quick\easy\affordable
  • PPV & NPV
  • outcome measures
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9
Q

Differentiate between efficacy, effectiveness and cost effectiveness in the benefits of early detection

A

Efficacy: ideal circumstances
Effectiveness: real life circumstances
Cost: economic analysis

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10
Q

When to not preform a screening test?

A
  • harm more than benefit or uncertain if.
  • low prevalence of disease - or no effect on target population.
  • unfocused test
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11
Q

What is the percentage of population that has to be screened for screening programs to be effective?

A

70%

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12
Q

What are the criteria for Evidence based guidelines

A
  • personalized
  • shared-decision
  • balanced benefits\harms
  • follow guidelines
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13
Q

RISE mnemonic stands for

A

R: risk assessment & identification
I: immunization & chemoprophylaxis
S: screening
E: education & counseling

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14
Q

Risk factors for TB include:

A
  • health care providers
  • prisoners
  • residents of high risk area
  • homeless
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15
Q

High risk sexual behaviors will necessitate screening for which disease:

A
  • HIV
  • Syphlis
  • Chlamedia + gonorrhea
  • Hepatitis B & C
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16
Q

IV drug use will necessitate screening for:

A
  • Hepatitis B &C

- HIV

17
Q

Patient had blood transfusion since 1922 is likely to have:

A

Hepatits C

18
Q

Name an example for chemoprophylaxis:

A

Asprin in CVD risk prevention

19
Q

Rules for chemoprophylaxis

A
  • Benefit > harm

- cost-effective

20
Q

Personalized risk in screening is particularly important because:

A

Reduces anxiety, better informed decision.

21
Q

Grade A & B in USPSTF recommendations indicate:

A

Net benefits is (substantial in A - moderate in B)

22
Q

Grade C & B in USPSTF recommendations indicate:

A

Selectively offer service - moderate “certainty”

23
Q

Grade D in USPSTF recommendations indicate:

A

Recommends against

24
Q

Grade I in USPSTF recommendations indicate:

A

Insufficient information

25
Q

What is the best age to start screening for the following populations:

  • breast cancer
  • colorectal cancer
  • Lung cancer
  • Cervical cancer
  • osteoprosis
  • AAA
  • diabetes
A
  • 50+ w\no risk factors
  • 50+
  • 55+
  • 21+
  • 65+ w\no risk factors
  • 65+ must be smoker
  • 40+ must be overweight\obese.
26
Q

Hepatitis C infection screening

  • at high risk
  • born between 1945-1965
A
  • at 18+

- 45

27
Q

What is the best age to start prophylaxis for the following populations:

  • prevention of falls exercise
  • Statin for prevention of
A
  • 60+

- 35-40

Family Medicine (15 decks)

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