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Family Medicine > Geriatric > Flashcards

Geriatric Flashcards

1
Q

Longitivity depends more on

Genetic or environment

A

Environment (50%)

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2
Q

Loss of complexity in elderly indicate

A 
Reduced 
1- HR 
2- BP
3- EEG 
4- Auditory frequency 
5- Response to stress
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3
Q

What are the hematopoietic changes in aging?

A

Reduced:
1- bone marrow reserve > Myelotoxicity w\chemo.
2- WBC function > increased infection

Increased:
3- Platelet responsiveness > increased blood clotting

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4
Q

What are the hepatobiliary\renal changes in aging?

A
  • LFT reduced
    (Low blood flow + decreased liver mass)
  • RFT reduced
    (Low creatinine clearance)
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5
Q

What are the CVD changes in aging?

A

1- Maximum HR
2- Ejection fraction after exercise
3- Valvular sclerosis

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6
Q

What are the respiratory changes in aging?

A

1- Reduced PO2
2- Increased alveolar-arterial gradient (hypoxia at high altitude)
3- Reduced FVC
4- Reduced Peak aerobic capacity.

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7
Q

What are the Genitourinary changes in aging?

A

1- UTI + incontinece (due to estrogen withdrawal)
2- erectile dysfunction + dyspareunia
3- decreased detrusor muscle + increased post-void residual.

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8
Q

What are the musculoskeletal changes in aging?

A

1- Decrease muscle mass in legs
2- Myosteatosis (fat infiltration into muscles)
3- decreased strength

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9
Q

What are the Skin changes in aging?

A

Decreased elasticity + Photo-aging.

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10
Q

What are the Eye changes in aging?

A

1- Eyelid relaxing

2- decreased tearing + increased watering w\drainage

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11
Q

What are the auditory changes in aging?

A

1- decreased high frequency acuity

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12
Q

When to screen for: BP

A

Annually

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13
Q

When to screen for: Weight

A

Annually

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14
Q

When to screen for:

Hearing

A

Annually with patient inquiry

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15
Q

When to screen for:

Vision

A

Not indicated

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16
Q

When to screen for:

AAA

A

Men 65-75 + Smoking history.

17
Q

How to screen for cognitive impairment, mood and gait in patient >65 years.

A
  • Cognitive: Mini mental state
  • Mood: PHQ2 in last month
  • Gait: get up and go test
18
Q

When to screen for:

DM

A
  • USPSTF: 40-70 + overweight.

- ADA: all >45 OR <45 + overweight + 1 risk factor.

19
Q

When to give:

Tetanus Vaccine

A
  • Every 10 years (start Tdap >Td)

- After 50. (Previously completed series)

20
Q

When to give:

Influenza Vaccine

A

Annually

21
Q

When to give:

Pneumococcal Vaccine

A
  • Unvaccinated: 13 — 6\12m — 23
  • Vaccinated before 65: 23 — >1y — 13 — 6\12m — 23
  • Vaccinated after 65: 23 — >1y — 13
22
Q

When to give:

Herpez zoster Vaccine

A

(2 dose w\6 m interval)

  • > 50: Shingrex
  • > 60: Shingrex or Zostavax
23
Q

When to screen for:

osteoprosis

A
  • Female: > 65 - <65 if high risk

- Male: not enough evidence.

24
Q

When to screen for:

Breast cancer

A
  • 40 to 49: based on preference or hx.

- >50: Mammo every 2 years

25
Q

How to diagnose osteoporosis:

A

By DEXA

(

26
Q

Differentiate between primary and secondary osteoprosis?

A

.

27
Q

labs done in secondary osteoprosis:

A

.

28
Q

What are the potentially modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis:

A

.

29
Q

In osteoporosis with kidney failure, the treatment of choice is:

A

.

30
Q

In osteoporosis with Cancer, the treatment of choice is:

A

.

31
Q

First line treatment for osteoporosis:

A

.

32
Q

Why to stop osteoprosis treatment in women after 5 years:

A

.

33
Q

Vertebral fractures in mens are prevented by:

A

.

34
Q

What is the role of estrogen therapy in women with osteoporosis

A

.

35
Q

What are the side effects of bisphosphonate:

A

.

36
Q

DXA intervals for the following osteopenia patients:

  • 2-2.49
  • 1.5-1.99
  • > 1.5
A

.

37
Q

Before starting bisphophanate therapy, what test do you use to do? And what are the results?

A

.

38
Q

Definition of FRAX?

A

.

Family Medicine (15 decks)

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