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Family Medicine > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q 
If scale is present in 
- toddler: 
- extensor: 
- groin\breast: 
Then the etiology is probably
A
  • atopy
  • autoimmune
  • fungal infection
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2
Q

Health care workers are at high risk of developing which dermatological conditions?

A

Irritant contact dermatitis due to washing

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3
Q

Knowing the race of the patient, what is the specific severe condition that could be associated with it:

  • white race
  • African American
A
  • melanoma and vitilgo

- discoid lupus

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4
Q

Female cooking and the heat suddnely caused her to flush and develop rash, what is this

A

Rosacea

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5
Q

Multivitamin can induce rash known as

A

Erythema multiforme

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6
Q

Lichen planus affects: ……… threrefore must examine mouth.

A

Mucus membranes

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7
Q

A bad prognosis of rosacea is the presence of:

A

Conjunctivitis

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8
Q

Name examples of primary lesions:

A
  • <0.5-1cm: papule, macule, pustule, nodules, vesicles

- >0.5-1cm: plaque, tumor, patch, bulla

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9
Q

A raised superficial lesion is:

A

Papule - plaque

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10
Q

Palpable deep leasion is:

A

Nodule & tumor

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11
Q

Flat lesion

A

Macule and patch

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12
Q

Elevated fluid filled lesion

A

Vesicle and bulla

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13
Q

Shape and distribution of infectious contageosum is:

A

Papule with punctum

  • child: abdomen
  • adult: groin due to sexual transmission
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14
Q

Define the following special morphologies (primary lesion):

  • wheals:
  • Milia:
  • Comedones:
A
  • edema under the dermis for urticaria
  • Infant acne
  • acne (blackhead is open - whitehead is closed)
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15
Q

Urticaria duration:

A

Only 24-48hours

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16
Q

Describe the following secondary lesions with one word

  • scale
  • crust
  • erosion
  • excoriation
  • ulcer
  • scar
  • cyst
  • necrosis
A
  • corencyte aggregate
  • dryness of serum or exudate
  • superficial defect
  • deep defect due to scratch
  • tissue necrosis, deep defect, poor healing
  • healing skin
  • filled with lining cells &lined with epithelium
  • dead tissue
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17
Q

Pathognomic sign for imptigo

A

Honey comb crust around mouth

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18
Q

Impetigo is caused by which organism

A

streptococcus

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19
Q

Most common secondary lesion in patients with atopic dermatitis

A

Lichenification

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20
Q

Differentiate rosacea from acne

A

Rosacea has clean appearance

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21
Q

Define atrophy

A

Drcrease in size and number of cells > depression and thinning of cells

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22
Q

Steroid injection dermatological side effect

A

Atrophy - hypopigmentation

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23
Q

Define fissure and where do we see it most commonly

A

Vertical cleavage of skin

In dryness

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24
Q

Differentiate discoid and annular leison;

A
  • discoid: filled with lesion - lupus

- annular: empty center - tinea corporis

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25
Q

Koebner phenomenon is:

A

Appearance of new skin lesion in area of dermatosis

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26
Q

Name differentials for linear configuration deramtosis

A
  • scabies
  • kobenar
  • lichen planus
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27
Q

How does patients with 5th disease look like, and what is the most common organism to cause this disease?

A

Young person with slap cheeks, reticular rash and is caused by b19

28
Q

What is the common site for herpes simplex vs herpes zooster

A

simplex: periorifical
Zooster: dermatomal

29
Q

What is the most common lesions in apocrine areas?

A

Hiadradnitis supperative

30
Q

How does secondary syphlis in adults usually appear

A

Hand and foot dermatological lesion

31
Q

Hand, foot mouth disease is caused by

A

Coxakie

32
Q

If lesion is
Vesicle + burning + dermatomal disterbution.
This is probably is

A

Shingles (zooster)

33
Q

How to treat commadones

A

Retin A topical

34
Q

How to treat mild acne with papule and pustule

A

Retin A +benzyl peroxide

35
Q

Moderate acne + nodule

Moderate acne + pustule

A

Both topical retina A + benzyl peroxide

Except

  • nodule: oral antibiotic
  • papule: topical antibiotic
36
Q

Severe acne with nodule must take

A

Oral isoteritonion

37
Q

Routine tests before isotertinoin:

A

Cbc for agranulocytosis, LFT because metabolized in liver, RFT because of dryness, pregnancy test because teratogenicity, lipid profile because increase LDL

38
Q

Most common side effects of isoteritoin therapy

A

Depression, myalgia, dryness “avoid contact lens”

39
Q

What is rhyinophema?

A

Swollen nose with sebacous gland hyperplasia and fibrosis (irreversible stage 3 rosacea)

40
Q

Flushing in rosacea can be triggered by

A
  • Heat and cold
  • nicotine, caffeine and alcohol
  • spice
  • UV light
  • hormonal
41
Q

What are the stages of rosacea

A
  • erythema + talengectasia
  • referral: pustule/papule
  • referral: rhinopehyma
42
Q

How to treat rosacea stage 1?

A

Sun screen

  • topical metro
  • benzyl peroxide - clindamycin - eryhromycin
43
Q

What medications are strongly contraindicated in rosacea?

A

Topical corticosteroid

44
Q

Describe the typical presentation of pitryalisis roscea:

A

It starts as (fever or flu) ->
solitary nodule (scale\oval\annular)
known as herald patch ->
it increase in number and becomes macule specifically in the abdomen like a christmas tree

45
Q

Herald patch is pathognomic for

A

Pitryalsis rosacea

46
Q

What is the treatment of choice in pityriasis rosacea?

A

No treatment (self-limiting) 3-8wk

  • antihistamine if itchy
  • mild topical steroid if redness
47
Q

Which patients are at high risk to develop pitryiasis vesicolor

A

Athletes

48
Q

How to treat pityriasis versicolor:

A
  • shampoo: ketoconazole [10d + 6w]

- cream: flucoconazole\itraconazole [6w]

49
Q

When to refer pityriasis versicolor for dermatology

A

After [6wks] for oral antifungal

50
Q

What is pityriasis alba

A

Hypopigmentation. Appears with sun exposure. So limit sun exposure c:

51
Q

Vitiligo is associated with:

A
  • thyroid disease
  • B12 def.
  • DM
  • MG
  • Addisons.
52
Q

which hyper-pigmented leisons will you recommend for biopsy?
“The characteristics that may concern melanoma”

A

A: asymmetrical
B: bleeding, ulceration, changing in sensation
C: color changing
D: diameter >6mm

53
Q

Describe psoriasis:

A

Patches with erythema + some with silver scales. Might be itchy, occurs in the extensors. Associated with nail changes

If they appear in knee: psoriatic vulgaris

54
Q

How to differentiate between gutate psoriasis and typical psoriasis?

A

The appearance:
- psoriasis: erythematous & scaly patches
- Gutate: small rain-drops lesion
The presentation
- Gutate is proceeded by URTI infection “ie; sore throat”
Both: in the back & extensors

55
Q

Most important complaint associated with atopy is:

A

Pruritus

56
Q

Distribution of atopy in adults VS in children?

A

Adults: flexors and hands
Children: face

57
Q

Best treatment for atopy is:

A

Emollients

58
Q

General management approach for atopy?

A 
1- Avoid triggers 
2- emollients
3- topical mild-moderate steroid 
4- antibiotic if infections 
5- antihistamine if itchy
59
Q

What are the possible causes behind napkin rash?

A
  • infrequent change
  • diarrhea (SE of medics\illness)
  • use of wipes instead of water
  • change of diapers brand
60
Q

How to manage diaper rash?

A
  • Education
  • barrier (Vasline gel - zinc oxide)
  • mild topical steroid for 1w
61
Q

How to differentiate contact dermatitis from candidiasis in the buttock of the baby?

A

Sparing of flexure folds

62
Q

Define Effluvium:

A

Increased loss of hair >100 hairs\day

63
Q

How to differentiate in appearance

  • tinea capitis
  • alopecea areata
  • Trichotilomania
  • traction alopecia
A
  • [round] Scaly + broken hair shaft but not complete clean baldness + positive fluorescence.
  • [oval] affect different parts of body hair + clean baldness
  • [Linear] hair of different lengths + stress.
  • related to hair style + in temporal\parietal areas.
64
Q

How to differentiate in management

  • tinea capitis
  • alopecea areata
  • Trichotilomania
  • traction alopecia
A
  • Oral Griseofulvin** + topical azoles or shampoo. (6wks)
  • intralesional injection w\steroid + minoxidil
  • Minoxidil
  • Minoxidil.

(Provide education in traction alopecia & alopcia areata)

65
Q

What are the phases of telogen effluvium?

A

Only catagen and telogen

66
Q

Possible causes for telegon effluvium:

A
  • Thyroid disease
  • IDA
  • Lactating mother
  • family androgenic alopecia
  • Infection\ ICU admission
  • medications
67
Q

Most effective treatment for androgenetic alopecia

A

hair transplantation is the most effective.

Can use:

  • Minoxidil 2-5%
  • finasteride.

Family Medicine (15 decks)

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