Health psychology and smoking cessation Flashcards
What is health psychology? (important ques)
Emphasises the role of psychological factors in the cause, progression and consequences of health and illness
Aims to put theory into practice by PROMOTING HEALTHY BEHAVIOURS and PREVENTING ILLNESS
What are the three types/categories of health behaviours?
- health behaviour
- illness behaviour
- sick role behaviour
What is ‘health behaviour’?
A behaviour aimed to PREVENT DISEASE
Give an example of a ‘health behaviour’
Eating healthy
Exercising
quitting smoking
What is ‘illness behaviour’?
A behaviour aimed to SEEK REMEDY
Give an example of an ‘illness behaviour’
going to the doctor
from my head: looking up health services, googling symptoms/information seeking behaviour
What is ‘sick role behaviour’?
Any activity aimed at GETTING WELL
Give examples of sick role behaviours
Taking medication as prescribed
Resting in bed
Give examples of health damaging behaviours
Smoking Drinking excess alcohol drug abuse risky sexual practices excessive sun exposure
Give examples of health promoting behaviours
Exercising Eating healthy medication compliance vaccinations attending health appointments
What are the leading causes of death in the UK?
- Dementia and Alzheimers disease
- ischaemic heart disease
- cerebrovascular disease
- chronic lower respiratory disease
- lung cancer
What is the definition of health promotion from PHE?
The process of enabling people to EXERT CONTROL over the determinants of health, thereby IMPROVING HEALTH
What is a patient-centred approach?
Care responsive to patient needs
Give examples of health awareness campaigns
Change 4 Life
Stoptober
Movember
Why might someone be reluctant to change their health behaviour even when they know it is bad for them?
Peer pressure Addiction/stress relief Not enough time, feeling stressed health beliefs Habit Belief they will not be able to stop inaccurate perception of risk
What is the definition of unrealistic optimism?
Where individuals continue to practice health damaging behaviour due to INACCURATE PERCEPTIONS OF RISK and SUSCEPTIBILITY
What are the factors that influence one’s perception of risk?
- lack of personal experience with the problem (eg lung cancer)
- Belief that it is preventable (or not) by personal action
- Belief that if it has not happened by now, that it is not likely to
- Belief that the problem is infrequent
What may a patient’s perception of risk impact on?
Their lifestyle choices
Medication adherence
Keeping appointments
In research (Everette et al., 2014) what is low risk perception associated with?
Reduced attendance for cardiac rehabilitation
Reduced adherance to medication
What can doctors do to help patient’s in their journey to changing their behaviour?
- Work with patients priorities
- Aim for easy changes over time
- Set and record goals
- Plan coping strategies
- Review progress regularly
Why is behaviour change important?
- Can make a difference on an individual and population level
- Can impact morbidity and mortality
- Changing behaviour is easier to change than dealing with the consequences of disease (prevention better than cure and less costly)
Name some models of behaviour change
- Health belief model
- Theory of planned behaviour
- Stages of change (transtheoretical) model
- motivational interviewing
What is the health belief model?
Individuals will change if they:
- believe they re susceptible to the condition eg heart disease
- believe it has serious consequences
- believe that taking action reduces susceptibility
- believe that the benefits of taking action outweigh the costs
What is the theory of planned behaviour?
Proposes that the best predictor of behaviour is intention
An intention is determined by:
1. the person’s attitude to the behaviour
2. The perceived social pressure to undertake the behaviour (subjective norm)
3. A person’s appraisal of their ability to perform the behaviour (perceived behavioural control)
What are the 5 stages of change in the transtheoretical model?
- precontemplation (not ready yet)
- Contemplation (thinking about it)
- Preparation (getting ready)
- Action (doing it)
- Maintenance (sticking with it)
What is the greatest single cause of illness and premature death in the UK?
Smoking
What are smoking related deaths mainly due to?
Cancer
COPD
heart disease
What is the single biggest cause of inequality in death rates between the rich and poor in the UK?
Smoking
What is the economic impact of smoking?
Healthcare costs
Cost to consumer of cigarettes
Cost to society
Loss in productivity from smoking breaks
Increased absenteeism
Loss of economic output of death of smokers
