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Phase 3a Public Health > Health psychology and smoking cessation > Flashcards

Health psychology and smoking cessation Flashcards

1
Q

What is health psychology? (important ques)

A

Emphasises the role of psychological factors in the cause, progression and consequences of health and illness

Aims to put theory into practice by PROMOTING HEALTHY BEHAVIOURS and PREVENTING ILLNESS

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2
Q

What are the three types/categories of health behaviours?

A
  1. health behaviour
  2. illness behaviour
  3. sick role behaviour
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3
Q

What is ‘health behaviour’?

A

A behaviour aimed to PREVENT DISEASE

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4
Q

Give an example of a ‘health behaviour’

A

Eating healthy
Exercising
quitting smoking

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5
Q

What is ‘illness behaviour’?

A

A behaviour aimed to SEEK REMEDY

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6
Q

Give an example of an ‘illness behaviour’

A

going to the doctor

from my head: looking up health services, googling symptoms/information seeking behaviour

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7
Q

What is ‘sick role behaviour’?

A

Any activity aimed at GETTING WELL

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8
Q

Give examples of sick role behaviours

A

Taking medication as prescribed

Resting in bed

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9
Q

Give examples of health damaging behaviours

A 
Smoking 
Drinking excess alcohol 
drug abuse 
risky sexual practices 
excessive sun exposure
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10
Q

Give examples of health promoting behaviours

A 
Exercising 
Eating healthy
medication compliance 
vaccinations 
attending health appointments
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11
Q

What are the leading causes of death in the UK?

A
  1. Dementia and Alzheimers disease
  2. ischaemic heart disease
  3. cerebrovascular disease
  4. chronic lower respiratory disease
  5. lung cancer
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12
Q

What is the definition of health promotion from PHE?

A

The process of enabling people to EXERT CONTROL over the determinants of health, thereby IMPROVING HEALTH

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13
Q

What is a patient-centred approach?

A

Care responsive to patient needs

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14
Q

Give examples of health awareness campaigns

A

Change 4 Life
Stoptober
Movember

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15
Q

Why might someone be reluctant to change their health behaviour even when they know it is bad for them?

A 
Peer pressure 
Addiction/stress relief 
Not enough time, feeling stressed 
health beliefs 
Habit 
Belief they will not be able to stop
inaccurate perception of risk
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16
Q

What is the definition of unrealistic optimism?

A

Where individuals continue to practice health damaging behaviour due to INACCURATE PERCEPTIONS OF RISK and SUSCEPTIBILITY

17
Q

What are the factors that influence one’s perception of risk?

A
  1. lack of personal experience with the problem (eg lung cancer)
  2. Belief that it is preventable (or not) by personal action
  3. Belief that if it has not happened by now, that it is not likely to
  4. Belief that the problem is infrequent
18
Q

What may a patient’s perception of risk impact on?

A

Their lifestyle choices
Medication adherence
Keeping appointments

19
Q

In research (Everette et al., 2014) what is low risk perception associated with?

A

Reduced attendance for cardiac rehabilitation

Reduced adherance to medication

20
Q

What can doctors do to help patient’s in their journey to changing their behaviour?

A
  1. Work with patients priorities
  2. Aim for easy changes over time
  3. Set and record goals
  4. Plan coping strategies
  5. Review progress regularly
21
Q

Why is behaviour change important?

A
  • Can make a difference on an individual and population level
  • Can impact morbidity and mortality
  • Changing behaviour is easier to change than dealing with the consequences of disease (prevention better than cure and less costly)
22
Q

Name some models of behaviour change

A
  1. Health belief model
  2. Theory of planned behaviour
  3. Stages of change (transtheoretical) model
  4. motivational interviewing
23
Q

What is the health belief model?

A

Individuals will change if they:

  1. believe they re susceptible to the condition eg heart disease
  2. believe it has serious consequences
  3. believe that taking action reduces susceptibility
  4. believe that the benefits of taking action outweigh the costs
24
Q

What is the theory of planned behaviour?

A

Proposes that the best predictor of behaviour is intention
An intention is determined by:
1. the person’s attitude to the behaviour
2. The perceived social pressure to undertake the behaviour (subjective norm)
3. A person’s appraisal of their ability to perform the behaviour (perceived behavioural control)

25
Q

What are the 5 stages of change in the transtheoretical model?

A
  1. precontemplation (not ready yet)
  2. Contemplation (thinking about it)
  3. Preparation (getting ready)
  4. Action (doing it)
  5. Maintenance (sticking with it)
26
Q

What is the greatest single cause of illness and premature death in the UK?

A

Smoking

27
Q

What are smoking related deaths mainly due to?

A

Cancer
COPD
heart disease

28
Q

What is the single biggest cause of inequality in death rates between the rich and poor in the UK?

A

Smoking

29
Q

What is the economic impact of smoking?

A

Healthcare costs
Cost to consumer of cigarettes
Cost to society
Loss in productivity from smoking breaks
Increased absenteeism
Loss of economic output of death of smokers

Phase 3a Public Health (12 decks)

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