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Phase 3a Public Health > Health Needs Assessment > Flashcards

Health Needs Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of the needs assessment and planning cycle?

A
  1. Needs Assessment
  2. Planning
  3. Implementation
  4. Evaluation
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2
Q

What is the DofH and NICE definition of need?

A

The ability to benefit from an intervention

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3
Q

What are demand and supply?

A

Demand - what people ask for

Supply - What is provided

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4
Q

What is the NICE definition of a Health Needs Assessment?

A

A SYSTEMATIC method for REVIEWING the health issues facing a population, leading to AGREED PRIORITIES and RESOURCE ALLOCATION that will improve health and reduce inequalities

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5
Q

What is the difference between health need and health care need?

A

Health need is more general and is measured using morbidity, mortality and socio-demographic measures

Health care need is more specific and is the ability to benefit from healthcare. It depends on the potential of prevention, treatment and care SERVICES to remedy health problems

In reality, health needs assessment covers both these terms

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6
Q

Who/what might a health needs assessment be carried out for?

A

A population or subgroup - eg Manor practice population
A condition - eg COPD
An intervention - eg coronary angioplasty

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7
Q

Who defines need?

A 
Individuals 
family 
community
professionals 
Society
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8
Q

Give an example of a condition/intervention that is defined by individual need?

A

Back pain and to an extent IVF

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9
Q

Give an example of a condition/intervention that is defined by family need?

A

Care for children with learning disabilities

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10
Q

Give an example of a condition/intervention that is defined by community need?

A

Circumcision - religious groups in society

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11
Q

Give an example of a condition/intervention that is defined by professionals?

A

New cancer treatment - can also be defined by Big Pharma as well as researchers
Vaccination

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12
Q

Give an example of a condition/intervention that is defined by society?

A

IVF - to an extent the acceptability of this ethically is defined by society, though individual areas may decide how many cycles
Abortion

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13
Q

What are the types of need in the sociological perspective of need

A

Felt need
Expressed need
Normative need
Comparative need

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14
Q

Who developed the sociological perspective of need?

A

Jonathan Bradshaw

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15
Q

What is felt need?

A

Individual perceptions of variation from normal health

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16
Q

What is expressed need?

A

Individual seeks help to overcome variation in normal health

17
Q

What is normative need?

A

professional defines intervention appropriate for the expressed need

18
Q

What is comparative need?

A

Comparison between severity, range of interventions and cost (lecture)

From Bradshaw’s book - compared to an area where the population are in receipt of a service, a similar population that is not in receipt of a service is therefore in need

19
Q

What are the different approaches taken in a health needs assessment?

A
  1. Epidemiological
  2. Comparative
  3. Corporate
20
Q

What is the epidemiological approach to the health needs assessment?

A
  1. Define a problem
  2. Size of the problem - incidence/prevalence
  3. Services (that could be) available (but aren’t)- prevention/treatment/care
  4. Evidence base - effectiveness and cost-effectiveness
  5. Models of care - quality and outcome measures
  6. Existing services - unmet need; services not needed
  7. Recommendations eg NICE guidelines, Department of Health
21
Q

List some problems with the epidemiological approach

A
  1. required data may not be available
  2. available data may not be of good quality
  3. Does not consider the felt needs of individuals affected
22
Q

What is the comparative approach to the health needs assessment?

A

Compares the services received by a population/group to others
Compares:
1. location of the populations
2. social characteristics of populations eg age, gender, class, ethnicity
3. health status (what conditions they have, symptoms, comorbidity)
4. service provision (what services are provided)
5. service utilisation (what services are being used)
6. Health outcomes of the two populations (mortality, morbidity, quality of life, patient satisfaction)

23
Q

List some problems with the comparative approach

A
  1. data about the popualtions (eg service provision, utilisation and health outcomes) may not be available
  2. data may be of variable quality
  3. may be difficult to find a comparable population
  4. May not help to identify what the most appropriate level of provision or utilisation should be
24
Q

Describe the corporate approach to the health needs assessment

A

This is where the views of different groups of people are taken into account to assess the need of a population or group

25
Q

Who’s views may be considered in a corporate approach?

A 
Professionals 
Patients 
Press
Politicians 
Commissioners 
Providers
26
Q

List some problems with the corporate approach

A
  1. Difficult to distinguish need from demand
  2. Groups may have vested interests (press, Big Pharma)
  3. May be influenced by political agendas
  4. Dominant personalities may have undue influences (eg louder voices)
27
Q

Give some examples of situations where a health needs assessment may be done

A

To assess the health needs of patients with stroke in Sheffield
To assess the need for sexual health services
(so can assess the health needs of people or their health care needs)

28
Q

Something that is demanded but not needed or supplied and explain your reasoning

A

Cosmetic surgery - not supplied as not funding available within the NHS and is often not considered medically beneficial
Sick notes in some circumstances

29
Q

Something that is needed, but not demanded or supplied and explain your reasoning

A

Dieticians for IBS - often needed as the FODMAP diet is difficult to understand/follow, but is often not offered by general practitioners and hence patients may not be aware about this service to ask for them (especially as I think they need to be referred to a gastroenterologist to be able to access this - double check with a GP)

30
Q

Something that is demanded and needed, but not supplied and explain your reasoning

A

Adequate provision of mental health services
GP appointments
Organ transplant

31
Q

Something that is demanded and supplied, but not needed and explain your reasoning

A

Unnecessary antibiotics for colds

32
Q

Something that is needed and supplied, but not demanded and explain your reasoning

A

Childhood vaccinations

Statins

33
Q

Something that is needed, demanded and supplied and explain your reasoning

A

Contraception

Phase 3a Public Health (12 decks)

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