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Phase 3a Public Health > Health inequalities > Flashcards

Health inequalities Flashcards

1
Q

Define health inequalities

A

Differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups

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2
Q

Define the inverse care law

A

The availability of good medical or social care tends to vary inversely with the needs of the population served

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3
Q

Who are the vulnerable groups of people in the NHS?

A 
Immigrants 
Prisoners 
LGBTQ+
Homeless 
Learning disabilities 
Extremes of age 
gypsies and travellers 
Pts with mental health problems
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4
Q

Why might vulnerable groups of people find it difficult to access the NHS?

A

Stigma
Language barriers
Culture
Differences in status
Education and health literacy- knowing when and how to access healthcare
Do not prioritise health when their basic needs are not met - other priorities
Difficulty in access due to lack of integration between primary care and other agencies eg housing, social services, voluntary sector

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5
Q

Explain and state Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A
  1. physiological needs
  2. safety needs
  3. Love/belonging needs
  4. Esteem needs
  5. Self-actualisation needs
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6
Q

What are the physiological needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

Air, food, water, sex, sleep, shelter, clothing

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7
Q

What are the safety needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

personal security, employment, health

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8
Q

What are the love/belonging needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

Friendship, intimacy, family

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9
Q

What are the esteem needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, freedom

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10
Q

What are the self-actualisation needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

morality, problem-solving, creativity, lack of prejudice

fulfilling one’s full potential

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11
Q

What are the three core principles of the NHS?

A
  1. meets the needs of everyone
  2. Free at the point of delivery
  3. based on clinical need and not on ability to pay
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12
Q

Who make up most of the homeless population?

A

families or single people who are not literally sleeping on the streets, but living with friends or relatives in temporary accommodation

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13
Q

What is the main cause of homelessness?

A

Eviction by landlords (though another powerpoint said relationship breakdown)

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14
Q

Name other causes of homelessness apart from eviction

A 
Relationship Breakdown
Domestic abuse
Disputes with parents
Poverty
Housing supply and affordability
Unemployment or insecure employment
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15
Q

What health problems may homeless adults face?

A

Serious mental illness eg schizophrenia, depression
Addictions and substance misuse
Infectious diseases - TB, hepatitis
Injuries from violence or rape
Sexual health - STIs, poor access to contraception
Malnutrition
Poor dental health

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16
Q

What health conditions do gypsies and travellers face that are higher in prevelance than in the general population

A 
Higher infant mortality 
Anxiety 
Miscarriage 
COPD, asthma 
Angina
17
Q

What are the barriers for gypsies and travellers for accessing healthcare?

A 
reluctance of GPs to register gypsies and travellers and to visit sites 
Illiteracy 
Communication difficulties 
Frequent movement 
Mistrust of professionals
18
Q

What have sheffield go to aid access for gypsies and travellers to healthcare

A

Special health visitor that visits the population at their sites with health visitor and doctor

Liaison with GPs, hospitals, ante-natal clinics to facilitate access.

19
Q

What are the problems facing the LGBTQ+ community?

A 
Depression
Suicide and self-harm
Drugs and addiction 
STIs
Social isolation 
Relationship problems 
Victims of crime and violence
20
Q

What are the barriers for the LGBTQ+ community to access healthcare?

A

Stigma/prejudice
Discomfort/fear of disclosing LGBTQ status due to real or perceived Homophobia
Previous negative experiences

21
Q

Define asylum seeker

A

A person who has made an application for refugee status.

22
Q

Define a refugee

A

A person granted asylum and refugee status. Usually means leave to remain for 5 years then reapply.

Refugees have a well founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion in their country of origin and are now outside the country of their nationality, and is unable, or owing to such fear, unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country

23
Q

Define Indefinite leave to remain (ILR)

A

when a person is granted full refugee status and Given permanent residence in the UK

24
Q

What are asylum seekers entitled to in this country?

A

£35 per week
Housing
Not allowed to work or have benefits
If under age 18 can go to school

25
Q

What are failed asylum seekers entitled to in this country?

A

Not entitled to money, housing or NHS care

Rely on charities

26
Q

What are the barriers that asylum seekers or refugees have in terms of accessing healthcare?

A

Lack of knowledge of where to get help
Lack of understanding how NHS works
Language / Culture / Communication
Frequent dispersal by Home office

27
Q

What are the common physical health problems of asylum seekers?

A
  • common illnesses eg heart disease, diabetes
  • Illness Specific to Country of Origin - TB
  • Injuries from war and travelling
  • No previous health surveillance / Immunisations
  • Malnutrition
  • Torture and Sexual Abuse
  • Infectious disease
  • Untreated Chronic Disease / Congenital Problems
28
Q

What are the common mental health problems of asylum seekers?

A
  • depression
  • PTSD
  • psychosis
  • self-harm
29
Q

What social problems might asylum seekers face?

A 
Social isolation and separation from family 
Racism, discrimination and hostility 
Poverty 
Poor housing 
Unemployment
30
Q

What previous experiences might asylum seekers have had to endure?

A 
Torture
Massacres 
Witnessing torture of others 
Disappearance/death of family 
Forced conscription (forced to work in the military)
31
Q

Does anyone have the right to apply for asylum in the UK and remain until a final decision has been made?

A

Yes

32
Q

What might be the barrier to diagnosing psychological problems in asylum seekers?

A

Psychological expression is culture-bound

33
Q

DO asylum seekers have access to the NHS?

A

Yes

Phase 3a Public Health (12 decks)

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