Health Psychology Flashcards
What is the difference between stereotype, prejudice and discrimination?
Stereotype - cognitive component Prejudice - evaluative and affective component Discrimination - behavioural component
What is classical conditioning in term of learning theories?
Association with other stimuli - behaviour becomes habit Pavlov’s dogs
What is operant conditioning?
Behaviour reinforced by rewards and punishments
What is social learning theory?
Observe others’ behaviour and see what’s rewarded and and punished
What is health belief model?
Focuses on cognitive factors in health-related behaviour, what beliefs etc influence decision making
What are the 3 inputs for action according to the health belief model?
Beliefs about health threat (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity) Beliefs about health related behaviour (perceived benefits, perceived barriers) Cues to action
Describe the stages of change (transtheorectical) model of health behaviour change
Pre-contemplation > contemplation > preparation > action > maintenance
Define compliance
Extent to which the patient complies with medical advise
Define adherence
Extent to which the patient’s behaviour coincides with medical advice
Define concordance
Negotiation between patient and doctor over treatment regimens - implies patient is active and in partnership with doctor Patient’s beliefs and priorities are respected
Describe Ley’s Model of Compliance
Describe the transactional model of stress
Describe gate control theory of pain
Pain messages pass through two neural relays/’gates’ in the spine on their way to the brain
The extent that the gates are open/closed affects the number of pain messages recieved
Describe factors that open the gate (with regards to gate control theory)
- Injury
- Over/active active
- Stress/tension
- Focusing on pain-expectation
- Negative beliefs
Describe factors that close the gate (with regards to gate control theory)
- Medication
- Counter stimulation
- Exercise
- Relaxation
- Distraction
- Positive emotions
- Positive beliefs
- Active life
What are Piaget’s 4 stages of childhood cognitive development?
- Sensorimotor (0-2yrs)
- Pre-operational (2-7yrs)
- Concrete operational (7-12yrs)
- Formal operational (12yrs+)
Describe sensorimotor stage of Piaget’s 4 stages of childhood cognitive development
- Experiences the world through senses and movement
- Develop body schemata
- Develop object permanence (object still exists even though they can’t see it)
Describe pre-operational stage of Piaget’s 4 stages of childhood cognitive development
- Language development, symbolic thought, able to imagine things
- Egocentricism - difficulty seeing things from other’s perspective
- Classification by single feature
Describe concrete operational stage of Piaget’s 4 stages of childhood cognitive development
- Think logically but concrete rather than abstract
- Classification by multiple features
- Able to see things from other’s perspective
Describe formal operational stage of Piaget’s 4 stages of childhood cognitive development
- Abstract logic
- Hypothetic-deductive reasoning
What are is the 5 stage grief model?
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
