Health Promotion, Screening, & Prevention (10 ques)

Question 1

Psychosocial development - Theme

Infants

Answer 1

Trust - consistency, ability to predict responses

Question 2

Psychosocial development - Theme

Toddler

Answer 2

Autonomy - mastering new tasks

Question 3

Psychosocial development - Theme

Preschooler

Answer 3

Initiative - dressing self

Question 4

Psychosocial development - Theme

School age

Answer 4

Achievement - school & friendship

Question 5

Psychosocial development - Theme

Adolescent

Answer 5

Identity development - beliefs, values, sex orientation

Question 6

Cognitive development - Infants

Answer 6

learns thru interaction w/environment

Question 7

Cognitive development - Toddlers

Answer 7

egocentric - no understanding of others’ point of view

Question 8

Cognitive development - Preschooler

Answer 8

thinking is non-logical, non-linear

Question 9

Cognitive development - School Age

Answer 9

thinking is logical, linear, concrete

Question 10

Cognitive development - Adolescent

Answer 10

thinking is adaptable, flexible, abstract

Question 11

Communication Considerations - school age

Answer 11

Involve
Explain
Demonstration reduces anxiety

Question 12

Communication Considerations - adolescent

Answer 12

Promote privacy & modesty
Assure confidentiality (unless they want to hurt self)
Emancipation = < 18 yo = adult status

Question 13

Discipline - infant

Answer 13

no discipline

focus on meeting needs

Question 14

Discipline - toddler

Answer 14

focus on distraction & redirection
positive reinforcement
consistency

Question 15

Discipline - preschooler

Answer 15

“people pleaser”
Ignore bad behavior
Reward good behavior

Question 16

Discipline - school age

Answer 16

Give independence
Encourage personal responsibility
Discuss consequences of actions

Question 17

Discipline - adolescent

Answer 17

Promote & reinforce good choices

Save battles for important things

Question 18

Pain assessment

Answer 18

Infant/toddler/young preschool = FLACC
4-8 yo = Wong Baker Faces Scale
>8 yo = numeric scale

Question 19

Vitamin D supplementation

Answer 19

Begin w/in a few days after birth
Neither DBF or formula have enough
Toddlerhood - will get enough from diet

Question 20

Iron supplementation

Answer 20

For breast fed only – at 4 months - start multi-vitamin w/iron until solids are introduces
Endogenous iron lasts for 6 mos, so start at 4 mos (before it runs out)

Question 21

Milk

Answer 21

Breast milk - exclusively for 1st 4 mo.
Formula - 20 oz (min) = newborns; 30 oz (max) = 4-6 mos
–> when need more than 30 oz, move to solids
–> transition to sippy cup 6-12 mos.
Whole milk - 1-2 yr
Lower fat content milk - >2 yr

Question 22

Meals

Answer 22

Infant - introduce pureed food @ 4 mos
- Transition to table food @ 6 mos

Toddler/Preschool/School Age - 3 meals + 2 snacks

Adolescents - 3 meals

Question 23

Developmental issues w/food

Answer 23

Toddlers - slow growth, picky eaters; FOCUS ON: socialization, time-limit, avoid battles
Preschoolers - slow growth, go on food jags; FOCUS ON: avoiding battles
School age/adolescents - develop habits; FOCUS ON: promotion of healthy lifestyles (physical activity, healthy eating, limiting devices)

Question 24

Dentition

Answer 24

First tooth arrives around 6 mos.
Visit dentist 2x/year starting at 1 yo
Loses 1st primary @ 6 yo
Loses & replaces 4 teeth /year –> 12 yo

Question 25

Leading cause of death in adolescents?

Answer 25

1. motor vehicle accident (35%)
2. homicide (13%)
3. suicide (11%)

Question 26

Vision screening

Answer 26

infant - track? parent history
preschooler (4-5 yo) - picture test (LEA symbols or Allen figures)
School age/adolescent (>6 yo) - letter test (Sloan letters chart

vision matures by 7 yrs of age

Question 27

Hearing

Answer 27

newborn - tested in hospital
Toddler - assessment of speech
Preschooler/School age - hearing acuity assessment