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Public Health > Health Promotion & Improvements > Flashcards

Health Promotion & Improvements Flashcards

1
Q

Recap: Public health aims to provide X with the right to be healthy & live in conditions that support health?

X = groups of people/individuals

A

X = groups of people

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2
Q

Recap: Public health surveillance is the X, Y collection, analysis & interpretation of health related data.
X, Y =
-Systematic, short-term
-Ongoing, systemic
-Ongoing, systematic
-Methodical, ongoing

A

Ongoing, systematic

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3
Q

What is health education?

A

-Preventative measure
-Raises awareness of public health matters - makes people aware of +ves/-ves
-Advocates good lifestyle choices
-V. important BUT cannot come alone

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4
Q

Issues surrounding health education?

A

-Ensuring people understand the message
-Money
-Time
–> barriers

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5
Q

Who’s responsibility is health - old view of public health?

A

-To large extent = individual’s responsibility
-e.g., - smoking-related diseases, alcoholism, & other drug dependencies, obesity & its consequences, & sexually transmitted diseases = among preventable problems of our time and, in relation to all of these, the individual must decide for himself
–> Department of health and social security (1976)

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6
Q

What is wrong with the view that health is an individual’s responsibility?

A

-Puts blame on people who do not follow health promotion
= victim blaming
-Is difficult to make healthy choices

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7
Q

Recap - what is the ‘new’ public health?

A

-Holistic
-Social factors considered

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8
Q

What is the Ottawa Charter 1986?

A

-“Health = created & lived by people in settings of their everyday life; where they learn, work, play, and love.” = Health for all by 2000

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9
Q

What is health promotion - as a new direction for public health?

A

Process of enabling people to inc control over, & to improve, their health

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10
Q

Who’s responsibility is health - new view of public health & why?

A

Health sector & also beyond healthy life-styles to well-being - is responsibility of everyone!

–> State of complete physical, mental & social well-being - individual/group must identify & realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, & change or cope w/ env
-> Health = resource for everyday life, not the objective of living.
Health = +ve concept emphasizing social & personal resources & physical capacities

-Need conditions where people can lead healthy lifestyles - health should be available to ALL!
-Work together - need people’s views to be centred on same targets

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11
Q

What are the 5 action areas of the Ottawa Charter (1986)?

A

1-Creating Supportive Environments – natural vs built
2-Strengthening Community Action (working together)
3-Developing Personal Skills (health lit - written in easily understandable easy, all people w/ high enough reading ages?)
4-Reorienting Health Services – holistic approach
5-Building Healthy Public Policy

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12
Q

What are the 3 strategies to achieve the 5 action areas of the Ottawa Charter (1986)?

A

-Advocate
-Mediate
-Enable

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13
Q

What does the upstream/downstream metaphor refer to?

A

-By treating the many not the few - we are not looking at causes of cases - why are people accessing help?
-Go upstream to see the causes
–> so can prevent! - act on reasons/causes

FOCUS UPSTREAM - to create a healthier safer world = argument for health promotion
(work from top)

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14
Q

What is health behaviour?

A

“The actions, responses, or reactions of an individual, group or system that prevents illness, promote health, & maintain quality of life” (DiClemente et al. 2013)

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15
Q

What are some +ve health behaviour examples?

A

= healthy, health-enhancing
-Regular exercise
-Going for annual health check-ups
-Easting at least 5 portions of fruit & veg a day
-Using protection during sex

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16
Q

What are some -ve health behaviour examples?

A

= risky, unhealthy
-Smoking
-Speeding
-Drinking lots of alcohol
-Diet high in sat fat

17
Q

Feature of +ve & -ve health behaviours?

A

They are dichotomies - these behs can have +ve & -ve alternatives

18
Q

Give a table of:
-Health behaviour
-State of person
-Behaviour
-Prevention level

A
19
Q

What are behavioural theories of learning?

A

= How we develop habits & certain health behs
-Not account for - account cognition, thoughts, beliefs & other determinants of health
-Gives simplistic presentation of health behs -could cause victim blaming someone not change to required health beh

20
Q

What determines the health of a population - ui.e., determinants of health?

A

-Medical care & access to good medical care
-Health behs play signif role in health outcomes
-Societal context = largest determinant! - characteristics of society & our position in it - determines opportunities & choices available

21
Q

What is a health map to show the determinants of health of an individual?

A

-Shows diff layers impacting health
-Larger layers cover more people
-Promoting health is not enough

22
Q

What is health promotion?

A

-Health is complex - determined by multiple factors
–> = *understanding factors determining health beh & effectively modifying these so beh change is achieved

WHO = “Health promotion is the process of enabling people to inc control over, & improve their health, & the conditions affecting their health”

23
Q

What is involved in health promotion?

A

-Numerous social & env interventions - designed to benefit & protect ind’s health & quality of life
–> as aims to address root CAUSES of ill health (not just treatment & cure = downstream thinking)

24
Q

What are the WHO’s 4 principles of health promotion?

A

1-Empowerment
2-Equity
3-Collaboration
4-Participation
–> incorporate these into ALL health & welfare work for it to be health promoting

25
Q

What are the 4 approaches to health promotion?

A

1-The medical approach
2-The behavioural change approach/the educational approach
3-The empowerment approach
4-The social change approach

26
Q

When is health promotion likely to be most effective?

A

For sustained beh change (i.e., for people to actually engage in health behs) –> when the health prom interventions are combined to target individuals, communities & pops

27
Q

Summarise the determinants of health & health promotion in a diagram

A
28
Q

Why is changing the environment a more effective way to influence +ve health behaviour?

A

-Changes focus from blaming the victim.
-Pioneered in injury control programs.
-Effective in tobacco control programs.
-Now being considered to improve diet & dec physical inactivity

29
Q

Examples of using a whole systems approach to tackle health inequalities?

A

Public Health (10 decks)

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