Health promotion Flashcards
WHat are the five factors influencing health?
Human biology: Genes Physical environments Social environements Behavuour and lifestyle Health services
What is behaviour a product of?
social and psycolgical components
What is behaviour locked into?
routine
What does the black report 1982 state about lower social class death rates inequalities?
Black report 1982
at every stage of life those in lower social classes have highber death rates than those at the top of the social scale
What does the black report 1982 state about children born into lower social classes?
they have a lower birth rate and a shorter stature
WHat does the black report 1982 state about the major diseases and who they affect most?
it says all major diseases affect social classes 4 and 5 more than classes 1 and 2
According to the WHO oral health facts what are the most common oral diseases?
caries and periodontal disease
According to the WHO oral health facts what percentag eof school children worldwide have decay?
60-90%
According to the WHO oral health facts what percentage of middle aged adults have severe peridontal disease?
5-20%
According to the WHO oral health facts what is the incidence of oral cancer in most countires?
1-10/100,000
According to the WHO oral health facts what is the incidednce of cleft lip and palate?
1/500-700 live births
What are the 3 aims of health promotion?
Focus on tackling determinants of health
Working in partnership with agencies
use a strategic approach for POPULATION health
WHat is the definition of health promotion? according to WHO 1984
the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health
What are the five approaches to health promotion?
Prevention Behaviour change Eduction Empowerment Social change
How does prevention work?
reduces disease level by using a top down approach. ie where it is lead by health care professional
Give an example of prevention?
fissure selants and fluoride advice
WHat is the problem with prevention?
doesnt address the underlying cause
it is individually focussed not population
How does behavuour change work?
individuals take repsonsibilty
What methods can be emplyoyed on an individual level and population level to change behaviour?
one-one advice
mass media campaigns
What is the disadvantage to behaviour change?
increasing someones knowledge doesnt necessarily lead to a change in behaviour
How does education work?
this provides knowledge, skils and attitudes to make correct choices
What is an advantage of using education?
this doesnt need a HCP and an be lay led eg smoing intervention groups
How does empowerment work?
this is a bottom up approach which is community led
What is the role of the health care prof in empowerment?
they act as the facilitator
How does social change work?
this looks at changing physical social and economic environments
Give an example of social change
water fluoridation
T/F health promotion includes health education?
T
it is an umbrella term looking at interventions to promote health including health education
Who does health promotion aim to shift responsbilty to?
the decsision makers to make healthy public policies *legal, fiscal, educational, organisational)
Are public health interventions generally cost effective? reference
Owen et al 2011
Yes
which model showed how oral health related to general health?
the common risk factor approach Sheiham and Watt 2000
What are the common risk factors for general health?
Diet Hygiene Smoking Alcohol Stress
Which model can be used for health promotion?
WHO (Ottawa charter) 1986
What does the Ottawa Charter 1986 stipulate?
5 aspects Building healthy public policy Creating supportive environements Strengthening community action Developing personal skills Re-orientating health services
what does building a healthy public policy entail?
How can this be implemented dentally?
encourage policy makers in governments and organisations to place health on agenda
make healthy options easier options
fiscal policies (taxing sweets, tobacco and alchol) Legislation:Food labelling and fluoridation
What does creating a supportive environment entail?
living and working conditions that are safe, stimulating
encourage community togertherness and to take responsibility for conservation of natural resources
How can supportive environments be implemented dentally?
working with local schools and enivonrments to ensure no smoking policies and also to ensure oral hygiene taught in schools and school lunches healthy
What does strengthening commuity action entail?
work through effective community action to:
setting priorities
making decisions
plan local strategies
Give an example of community action for dental health
smoking cessation support groups
How can developing personal skills be used for OHP?
provision of information and health education
development of individual skills
coping streatgies
WHat is meant by re-orientating health services?
encourage health care professsionals to look beyond clinical services and ensure health services are aimed at the pursuit of health and not just cure
WHat are the problems with oral health promotion?
Long interval between preventative strategy and measurable improvements
Processes of community consultation and health education and altering policies take along time
Politically controversial
Need to be evaluated
What has been the effect of oral health promotion on smoking?
10% rise in price correlates with a 1% drop in people smoking
banning advertising has showed a reduction in tobacco consumption
