Diet and Oral Health Flashcards
What did the WHO/FAO consulatation in Geneva 2003 decide about the effect of Fluoride, diet, under nutrition and xylitol have on caries?
Convincing evidence that fluoride is protective and free sugars and their frequencies are harming and starch has no effect
Probably that hard cheese and sugar free gum are protective against caries and whole fresh prob has no effect
Possible that xylitol, milk and fibre are protective against and undernuttition is harming
Insufficient evidence that whole fresh fruit is protective and dried fruits is harming
What did the WHO/FAO consulatation in Geneva 2003 decide about the effect of diet and fluoride in realtion to erosion?
Probable: soft drinks and fruit juices probably cause erosion
Hard cheese and fluoride and possibly protective
Whole fresh fruit is inconclusive that it causes erosion
What did the WHO/FAO consulatation in Geneva 2003 decide about the effect of vitamin D, fluoride and hypocalcaemia on enamel defects?
Convincing: Vit D is protecting and excess fluoride is damaging
Probably that hypocalcaemia is damaging
What did the WHO/FAO consulatation in Geneva 2003 decide about the effect of Vit C, OHI, Vit E, antioxidants and sucrose on perio?
convincingly makes worse Vit C def
Convincingly makes better OHI
Insufficient evidence makes better: antiox
Insufficient evidence makes worse: sucrose
Vit E insufficient evidence has any effect
Has sugar consumption increased or decreased over the years?
after world war 2: increase in sugar consumption
1950’s saw a peak in sugar consumption
but has declined since then
What type of sugars in our diet has increased?
hidden sugars
T/F
there is a direct link etween sugar consumption and poor genral health?
F
there is not evidence of a DIRECT link
T/F excess sugars contribute ti a total excess in energy intake?
T
T/F Excess energy is stored as fat leading to obseity?
T
Which diseases is obesity linked to?
Diabetes
CHD
resporator dieases
gall bladder disease
Name some stidues that have shown the effect of sugar and dental decay?
Vipeholm Study 1954 Tristan de Cunha study 1968 Turku study 1975 WW2 rationing Hopewood house 1963
What type of study was the vipeholm study?
human experimental study
What type of study was the turku stidy?
Human experimental study
What type of study was the tristan de cunha study?
human obseervational study
What other stidues other than human studies have been carried out and what have investigated?
Animal studies: frequency of feeding, concentration of sugar and types of sugar
Lab studies: plaque pH,test tube incubation , enamel slab
Which two things about sugar are a risk factor for caries?
the amount AND frequency
Why was the WHO Ottawa charter developed?
to acheive health for all goal by 2000
When was the ottaw charter signed?
1986
What are the 5 elemetns to the ottawa charter?
Creating supportive environments Building healthy public policy Strengthening communit action Developing personal skills Reorientating health services
How can creating supportive environments be achieved?
Remove vending machines from school
No sweets near checkouts
Free milk and fruit in schools
How can healthy public policies be developed?
food labelling
reduce sugar in processed foods
advertising bans
How can community action be strengthed?
cookery clubs
food co-ops
How can personal skills be developed?
educate people about sugar in foods and drinks
tell parents not to add sugar to bottle feeds and dummies
how can reorientating health services be developed?
sugar free medicines
How much should fat comprise as part of a healthy diet?
15-30%
How much should protein be as part of a healthy diet?
10-25%
How much should cholesterol be as part of a healthy diet?
<300mg /day
How much should NaCl be as part of a healthy diet?
<2g/day
How much should fruit and veg be as aprt of a healthy diet?
more than 400g/day
Summarise the findings from the studies done on sugar and decay.
Level of Evidence: not been high since no double blind trials. Vipeholm study is key but couldn’t do another one like this due to ethical issues
Body f evidence is strong! All studies seem to come to same conclusions that: sugar is a RF for caries and amount AND frequency key
What recommendations can be made re caries and diet?
Frequency and amount of NMES should be reduced
NMES need to be restricted to meal times and should provide no more than 10% of total energy in diet
Consumption of intrinsic and start by sugars should be increased
What percentage of total carbs should be in your diet?
55-75% and free sugars should be 10% of this
