Diet and Oral Health

Question 1

What did the WHO/FAO consulatation in Geneva 2003 decide about the effect of Fluoride, diet, under nutrition and xylitol have on caries?

Answer 1

Convincing evidence that fluoride is protective and free sugars and their frequencies are harming and starch has no effect

Probably that hard cheese and sugar free gum are protective against caries and whole fresh prob has no effect

Possible that xylitol, milk and fibre are protective against and undernuttition is harming

Insufficient evidence that whole fresh fruit is protective and dried fruits is harming

Question 2

What did the WHO/FAO consulatation in Geneva 2003 decide about the effect of diet and fluoride in realtion to erosion?

Answer 2

Probable: soft drinks and fruit juices probably cause erosion

Hard cheese and fluoride and possibly protective

Whole fresh fruit is inconclusive that it causes erosion

Question 3

What did the WHO/FAO consulatation in Geneva 2003 decide about the effect of vitamin D, fluoride and hypocalcaemia on enamel defects?

Answer 3

Convincing: Vit D is protecting and excess fluoride is damaging
Probably that hypocalcaemia is damaging

Question 4

What did the WHO/FAO consulatation in Geneva 2003 decide about the effect of Vit C, OHI, Vit E, antioxidants and sucrose on perio?

Answer 4

convincingly makes worse Vit C def
Convincingly makes better OHI
Insufficient evidence makes better: antiox
Insufficient evidence makes worse: sucrose

Vit E insufficient evidence has any effect

Question 5

Has sugar consumption increased or decreased over the years?

Answer 5

after world war 2: increase in sugar consumption
1950’s saw a peak in sugar consumption
but has declined since then

Question 6

What type of sugars in our diet has increased?

Answer 6

hidden sugars

Question 7

T/F

there is a direct link etween sugar consumption and poor genral health?

Answer 7

F

there is not evidence of a DIRECT link

Question 8

T/F excess sugars contribute ti a total excess in energy intake?

Answer 8

T

Question 9

T/F Excess energy is stored as fat leading to obseity?

Answer 9

T

Question 10

Which diseases is obesity linked to?

Answer 10

Diabetes
CHD
resporator dieases
gall bladder disease

Question 11

Name some stidues that have shown the effect of sugar and dental decay?

Answer 11

Vipeholm Study 1954
Tristan de Cunha study 1968
Turku study 1975
WW2 rationing
Hopewood house 1963

Question 12

What type of study was the vipeholm study?

Answer 12

human experimental study

Question 13

What type of study was the turku stidy?

Answer 13

Human experimental study

Question 14

What type of study was the tristan de cunha study?

Answer 14

human obseervational study

Question 15

What other stidues other than human studies have been carried out and what have investigated?

Answer 15

Animal studies: frequency of feeding, concentration of sugar and types of sugar
Lab studies: plaque pH,test tube incubation , enamel slab

Question 16

Which two things about sugar are a risk factor for caries?

Answer 16

the amount AND frequency

Question 17

Why was the WHO Ottawa charter developed?

Answer 17

to acheive health for all goal by 2000

Question 18

When was the ottaw charter signed?

Answer 18

1986

Question 19

What are the 5 elemetns to the ottawa charter?

Answer 19

Creating supportive environments
Building healthy public policy
Strengthening communit action
Developing personal skills
Reorientating health services

Question 20

How can creating supportive environments be achieved?

Answer 20

Remove vending machines from school
No sweets near checkouts
Free milk and fruit in schools

Question 21

How can healthy public policies be developed?

Answer 21

food labelling
reduce sugar in processed foods
advertising bans

Question 22

How can community action be strengthed?

Answer 22

cookery clubs

food co-ops

Question 23

How can personal skills be developed?

Answer 23

educate people about sugar in foods and drinks

tell parents not to add sugar to bottle feeds and dummies

Question 24

how can reorientating health services be developed?

Answer 24

sugar free medicines

Question 25

How much should fat comprise as part of a healthy diet?

Answer 25

15-30%

Question 26

How much should protein be as part of a healthy diet?

Answer 26

10-25%

Question 27

How much should cholesterol be as part of a healthy diet?

Answer 27

<300mg /day

Question 28

How much should NaCl be as part of a healthy diet?

Answer 28

<2g/day

Question 29

How much should fruit and veg be as aprt of a healthy diet?

Answer 29

more than 400g/day

Question 30

Summarise the findings from the studies done on sugar and decay.

Answer 30

Level of Evidence: not been high since no double blind trials. Vipeholm study is key but couldn’t do another one like this due to ethical issues

Body f evidence is strong! All studies seem to come to same conclusions that: sugar is a RF for caries and amount AND frequency key

Question 31

What recommendations can be made re caries and diet?

Answer 31

Frequency and amount of NMES should be reduced
NMES need to be restricted to meal times and should provide no more than 10% of total energy in diet
Consumption of intrinsic and start by sugars should be increased

Question 32

What percentage of total carbs should be in your diet?

Answer 32

55-75% and free sugars should be 10% of this