DPH

Question 1

What is health?

Answer 1

WHO 1948

A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

WHat is oral health?

Answer 2

a standard of health of the oral and related tissues which enable an individual to eat, speak and socialise without active disease, discomfort or embarrassment and contributes to general well being
DOH 1994

Question 3

What is public health?

Answer 3

the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts of society

acheson 1998

Question 4

What does the biomedical model of health place emphasis on?

Answer 4

the biological causes and manifestation of disease

it looks at understanding disease processes

Question 5

who does the biomedical model of disease focus on?

Answer 5

individuals

Question 6

Who controls the knoweldge and expertise in the biomedical model of health?

Answer 6

the medical profession

Question 7

WHat are the limitations of the biomedical model?

Answer 7

ineffective and inefficient
inequality
inverse care law(resources in areas if least need)
Positively deleterious and specific aetiology

Question 8

Define iatrogenic disease

Answer 8

an inadvertent effect or complication resulting from medical treatment

Question 9

give an example of an iatrogenic disease?

Answer 9

wrong prescription

HAI (hospital acquired infections)

Question 10

When and who made the alma ata declaration?

Answer 10

1978
WHO
Kazakstan

Question 11

What was the purpose of the alma ata declaration?

Answer 11

to set an agenda for new public health

Question 12

WHat were the five outcomes of the alma ata 1978?

Answer 12

FAMEC
focus on prevention
appropriate technology
multi sectorial approach
equitable distribution
community particpiation

Question 13

WHat is a public health problem?

Answer 13

prevalence of the condition
impact of the condition on an individual level
impacts on the wider society
condition is preventable and early treatment is more successful
effective treatments are available

Question 14

Why are oral diseases public health problem?

Answer 14

they are highly prevalent
high cost of treatment
considerable impact on everyday life
affect quality of life
causes are known
preventable
diagnosis is easy
easy to evaluate treatment
treatment is relatively unseccesful

Question 15

What does science refer to in the definition of public health?

Answer 15

Diagnosis of population oral health
Establish cause and effects
Plan interventions

Question 16

What does art refer to in public health?

Answer 16

Create and use opportunities to implement effective solutions

Question 17

When did the public health movement in Britain arise and why?

Answer 17

~150 yrs aga

Rapid industrialisation and urban squalor lead to appalling working and living conditions

Question 18

Which public health act came into place to improve public health?

Answer 18

Public health act 1875

Focus in environmental conditions

Question 19

What did the black report 1980 state?

Answer 19

Inequalities in health
Poorest have the highest death and ill rates and cannot be explained solely by income education mobility or lifestyles BUT due to lack of co-ordinate policy

Question 20

What are the determinants of disease?

Answer 20

These are more visible at population level and are the upstream factors that influence the causes

Question 21

What are the causes of disease?

Answer 21

More visible at the individual level

Follow the medical model where there is a recognised cause for the pathological process

Question 22

What health inequalities exist in the UK?

Answer 22

62/66 major causes of death in men occur in lower social class
64/79 major causes if death in women occur in lower social class 
Child born into a lower social class is twice as likely to die before 15th birthday 
Men in higher social classes are likely to live 7 yrs longer than those in Lower

Question 23

What are the changes affecting Practice of dentistry?

Answer 23

Epidemiological changes : caries, edentulousness
Demographic shifts: ageing population, mobility
Organisational change: NHS reforms Steele report
Professional development : CPD
Social changes: consumerism and expectation
Technology: new treatments and tests