Health promotion Flashcards
What is the recommended alcohol limit in the UK?
No more than 14 units a week spread across 3 days or more.
What is a healthy BMI?
18.5-25 kg/m2
What is the recommended exercise amount of adults?
- Strengthening workout twice a week
- 150 mins mod intensity activity a week
What are the stages in the Stages of Change model?
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
- Relapse
What are the risks of excessive drinking?
- Stroke
- Heart disease
- Liver disease
- Brain damage and nervous system damage
- Oral, oesophageal/pharyngeal and breast cancer
- Mental health effects
What is single session drinking? What are the risks?
Binge drinking
- Accidents/injuries, risky behaviour
- Vomiting while unconscious
- Hypertension and heart attack
- Gastritis, pancreatitis, encephalitis
- Alcohol poisoning - seizure, V, low RR
- More likely to develop drinking problem and alcoholism
What drugs shouldn’t you drink alcohol with?
- Sedatives eg. diazepam, increase risk of overdose and resp depression
- Analgesics (all), liver damage, GI problems and PUD, resp depression
- Antidepressants - worse sx and drowsy
- Anticoag - increase risk of bleed
- Antihyperglycaemic - drunk can mimic hypoglycaemia
- Anticonvulsants - increased drowsiness
- Antihypertensives - long term drinking increases BP
What is the advise around alcohol and pregnancy?
Should never use alcohol while pregnant = foetal alcohol spectrum disorder, miscarriage, premature birth and low birth weight.
What is the advice for older people and drinking?
Older people more likely to take medication (interaction) and aren’t able to breakdown alcohol as efficiently.
What is a CAGE questionnaire?
Used to assess whether a person engages in harmful drinking and if they are alcohol dependent:
Feel should Cut down
Annoyed by criticism of drinking
Guilt
Eye opener - had drink first thing in the morning?
When would you recommend structured community based intervention for alcohol reduction?
People w alcohol dependence who:
- Limited social support
- Physical or psychiatric comorbidities
- Not responding to other interventions
When would you offer psychological intervention for someone w alcohol dependence? What do you offer?
For harmful drinkers w mild alcohol dependence offer:
- CBT
- Behavioural therapies focused on alcohol problems
- Couples therapy
What are the signs and sx of Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
Ataxia (can’t coord voluntary movement). confusion and mental state alt and eye problems eg. paralysis, nystagmus
What are Wernicke and Korsakoff syndromes?
Due to deficiency of thiamine/VitB1.
Wernicke’s is more acute, if untreated transitions to Korsakoff which is irreversible and chronic.
How is Korsakoff syndrome characterised?
Short term memory loss = can’t form new memories or retain new info
How is Wernicke’s managed?
Parentral thiamine (usually IM), plus Vit B12 and folate orally.
What are the w/drawal symptoms for smoking?
- Weight gain due to increased appetite, usually about 5-9 kg if no attempt to exercise or eat healthy
- Irritability, depression, restlessness
- Poor conc
- Disturbed sleep
What is VBA in smoking?
Very brief advice:
- Current and past smoking behaviour
- Info about risks of smoking and benefits of stopping
- Options for quitting
- Refer to local smoking cessation service
What options of there for quitting smoking?
- Non pharmacological - NHS stop smoking services
- Pharamcological - NRT, bupropion, varenicline
What are the recommended calorie intakes in men and women?
Women - 2000
Men - 2500
What groups are at risk of substance abuse?
- FH substance abuse
- Childhood sexual abuse
- Mental health issues
- Problem w sexual orientation/gender identity
- Low academic achievement
When is it important to ask about recent drug use?
- Acute chest pain in young person
- Acute psychosis
- Mood and sleep disorders
What is harm reduction?
People will continue using drugs, a why to reduce the harm they get because of drug use:
- Needle exchange
- Drug testing in clubs and at festivals
- Info for safer drug use
- Drug consumption rooms
What is methadone?
Long acting synthetic opioid - used for treating opioid dependence. Normally viscious oral solution (can’t be injected)
What is bupenorphine?
Partial agonist properties and antagonists properties. Will block the effects of additional opioids.
Better than methadone as can’t use heroin on top and gives you a clearer head.
