Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > HEALTH, HUMAN RIGHTS & INTERVENTION: EQ2 > Flashcards

HEALTH, HUMAN RIGHTS & INTERVENTION: EQ2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are human rights?

A

The basic rights and freedoms that belong to every human in the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

UDHR:
- what does it stand for?
- who created it and when?
- what have they set out?
- how many universal rights are recognised?
- how many countries signed it?
- how many countries abstained?
(name 2 of these countries)
- why did these two countries not sign?

  • Is the UDHR a declaration or a treaty and why?
  • why may this be a weakness?
  • the declaration defines the meanings of two key terms, which are?
  • what do they require all 139 member states to do?
  • what has the UDHR been a significant factor in influencing?
  • what can it do to military interventions?
  • what has it inspired?
  • what type idea is it?
A

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

  • created by The UN general assembly in 1948
  • set out the fundamentals of human rights that everyone is entitled to
  • 30 universal rights
  • 48 countries signed it
  • 8 countries abstained

South Africa= to protect its system of apartheid

Saudi Arabia= under Saudi law conversion to another religion is punishable by death, so Muslims don’t have right ‘to change their religion or belief’

  • A declaration as it is not legally binding
  • As the articles are not enforceable so up to each country to enforce them correctly
  • Fundamental freedoms
  • Human rights
  • To recognise and respect the 30 universal rights
  • foreign policies & international relationships
  • Can justify them
  • more than 80 international human rights treaties
  • A western ideas (favours individual rights rather than group rights)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ECHR?
- what does it stand for?
- who created it and when?
- what was it created to prevent?
- why was it made in 1953/what was it in response to?
- how many rights does the ECHR contain?
- what do they closely follow?
- who was expelled from the European Court of Human Rights in 2022? and why?
- why is the ECHR controversial?

A

European Convention of Human Rights

  • created by the Council of Europe in 1953
  • created to prevent conflict and promote unity in Europe
  • Made after WW2 in response to the human rights violations of WW2
  • and the post-war spread of communism in Central and Eastern Europe
  • contains 59 rights
  • closely follow the UDHR
  • Russia was expelled due to the deployment of troops in Ukraine
  • Controversial as some see it as an erosion of national sovereignty (to independently govern a country with no external influences)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Human Rights Act (1988)
- what does it set out?
- what does it incorporate into domestic British Law?
- what are the 3 main effects of this act?
- however, what do some people in the UK believe?
- what did the conservative government announce in response to this?
- why did they do this?
- what happened to this bill?

A
  • The rights and freedoms that everyone in the UK is entitled to
  • The rights set out in the ECHR
  1. can seek justice in a British court if your human rights have been breached - rather than the European Court
  2. Public bodies (police, hospitals, schools) must respect and protect your human rights
  3. Parliament makes sure that new laws are compatible with the ECHR
    - that the UK has lost some of its sovereignty due to the Human Rights Act (1988)
    (e.g. appeals related to verdicts given in UK courts can be overturned by the European Court)
    - Announced plans to replace the Human Rights Act with a ‘British Bill of Rights and Responsibilities’
    - To regain some sovereignty
    - Scrapped in 2023 as it would weaken people’s rights
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The Geneva Convention:
- how many treaties are there?
- when are they applied?
- who do they aim protect?
- give examples of who they protect
- what actions does the convention ban?
- where was this signed?
- how many countries have signed the Geneva convention?
- what 3 countries that have signed it stand out?

A
  • 4 treaties
  • At times of armed conflict
  • people’s rights during a conflict
    Protect:
  • Civilians
  • Medical staff, hospitals and aid workers in warzones
  • Wounded armed forces
  • Prisoners of war
    Banned actions:
  • terrorism
  • torture
  • taking hostages
  • secual assult
  • Signed in Geneva, Switzerland
  • 196 countries
  • Russia, Iraq & North Korea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What law was passed in 2020 by the UK?
- what does this allow it to do?
- what country did it sanction and why?
- what did this sanction include?

A

The Global Human Rights Sanctions Regulations 2020

  • Impose sanctions on countries that are abusing the human rights of their citizens
  • Sanctions Russia over the war in Ukraine
  • including the banning of certain Russian imports
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What country favours economic development over human rights?
- what 2 things show this?
- what does the government limit?
- what does it still have?

A

Singapore

  1. Has one of the world’s highest GDP per capita
  2. Is one of the most business-friendly economies ever
  • Limits political & civil rights through law
  • The death penalty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens in more authoritarian countries?
(give an example of an authoritarian country)

A

The government censors information by limiting people’s ability to criticise the government on social media

  • e.g. North Korea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens in more democratic countries?
(give an example of a democratic country)

A

People can share ideas and information freely without interference from the government

  • e.g. South Korea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What system have some emerging powers favoured?
- name one country

A

The democratic system

  • e.g. India
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give an example of a developed country that abuses some human rights?

  • explain how it can be considered a human rights violation
A

The USA banning abortions in some states

  • so not giving women full freedom to choose what they want to do with their body can be considered a human rights violation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is democracy led by?

A

Led by the people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 categories in terms of global freedom?

A

Free= There is broad scope for open political competition and a climate of respect for civil liberties

Partly free= There are some clear restrictions on political rights and civil liberties

Not free= Basic political rights and civil liberties are absent or systematically violated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What country is considered ‘not free’ but however is ranked in the top 10 richest countries?
- what is it rich in?

A

Saudi Arabia

  • rich in oil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Countries with the best freedom rating tend to be what type of countries?

A

Developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A
17
Q

A country comparison of an authoritarian and a democratic system: North Korea & South Korea

  • who was the regional superpower at that time/colonised Korea?
  • when were they divided into 2 seperate states?
  • what went on between these 2 states?
  • what was this war called?
  • since then what have the 2 states followed?
A
  • Japan
  • After WW2 in 1948, Japanese colony divided into 2 states
  • Persistent propaganda war then turned into an outright war
  • The Korean war of 1950-1953
  • two completely opposed ideologies
18
Q

A country comparison of an authoritarian and a democratic system: North Korea

  • was does it describe itself as?
  • what does its elections involve?
  • what type of state is it?
  • what type of regime is it?
  • how does North Korea live now?
  • what are its people forbidden to use?
  • what possessions have the country got?
  • what does it violate?
  • what is there no freedom of?
  • due to its isolation, what are there few of?
  • what does it spend huge amounts of its GDP on?
  • what do North Koreans suffer from? (3 main things)
A

North Korea:
- self-reliant socialist state
- one political party
- Totalitarian state
- Highly authoritarian regime
- In self-imposed isolation from rest of the global community
- The internet
- Nuclear weapons & vast military forces
- Human rights
- No freedom of speech
- few statistics about conditions in North Korea
- Military forces
Suffer from:
1. Food shortages
2. Malnutritions
3. Occasional, but severe famines

19
Q

A country comparison of an authoritarian and a democratic system: South Korea

  • what has South Korea embraced?
  • what has it transformed itself into?
  • what is key to its economic success? (4 things)
  • what does it rank highest in the world in?
  • what rank is South Korea’s GDP per capita?
  • and what is North Korea’s?
  • what does South Korea taken into account as well as economic performance?
A
  • Capitalism
  • From a war-torn country into a high-income advanced economy
    Economic success from:
    1. Having a firm government
    2. Increasingly powerful high-tech large family-owned businesses
    (e.g. Samsung, Hyundai & LG)
    3. A committed labour force
    4. A rich human resource of enterprise and technological innovation
    Ranks highest in the world in:
  • education
  • healthcare
  • ease of doing business
  • GDP ranked 40th
  • North Korea’s GDP ranked 195th
  • Takes into account human rights and health
20
Q

What is one way corruption can be measured?
- what was it produced by?
- what does it score each country on?
- In 2015, what was the % of countries that had a score under 50 (serious corruption problems)?
- what type of countries were these?

A

The Corruption Perceptions Index
- NGO called Transparency International
- scores each country on how corrupt its public sector is seen to be
- 65% out of 165 countries
- Developed, emerging and developing countries

21
Q

What does corruption reduce and threaten?

A

The level of trust and threatens human rights

22
Q

How many corruption affect the Judicial system?

A

By retaining people in detention without a fair trial, such as in the USA (Guantanamo Bay)

23
Q

What’s one example of an incident happening that killed lots of people due to the country prioritising certain businesses?

A

The Rana Plaza Disaster

Nearly 2600 people injured

24
Q

What can political corruption hinder?

A

economic and social development

25
Q

what 4 things can political corruption do?

A
  1. Limits growth= funds that should be spent on improving healthcare, education or infrastructure are instead funding government officials
  2. Politicians may exploit their people to remain in power or businesses bribe the government to exploit workers or the environment
  3. Denying individuals their human rights - some corrupt governments disregard their duties to its citizens, so people may live without essentials e.g. clean water, education or electricity
  4. Growing inequality between those the government favour (e.g. rich investors, businesses) and the rest of the population
26
Q

People’s access to human rights varies between countries:
- for who especially? (give examples)
- where is this especially evident?
- give 3 examples
- what one reason why this has happened?

A

Minority groups
(e.g. ethnic minorities & women)

  • Especially inn post-colonial countries

e.g.
- The Apartheid in South Africa
- The Aboriginal people of Australia
- Women in Pakistan

  • Post-colonial poverty led to a focus on economic growth rather than human rights
27
Q

What does a lack of human rights mean?

A

Lower levels of social development (education and health)

28
Q

What can minority groups be denied due to prejudice?
- what has this got a direct impact on?

A

Access to key services & opportunities
(e.g. housing & employment)

  • Has a direct impact on their quality of life
29
Q

Give an example of a campaign from these minority groups for equal human rights
(mainly in the UK and USA)

A

the Black Lives Matter movement

30
Q

Between 1992 - 2001 who controlled Afghanistan?
- how long has it been involved in conflict?
- what did the Taliban not allow women to do?
- what did they do this under?

A

The Taliban
- 40 years
Women could NOT:
- go out alone
- appear on TV
- be employed
- seek medical attention

  • Their interpretation of the Sharia Law

Geography (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions