GLOBALISATION: Causes (EQ1) Flashcards
What is meant by globalisation?
The increasing connectedness of countries around the world through movement of
goods, services, capital and ideas across borders
What is meant by Interdependence?
The dependence of two or more people or things on each other
What 4 main ways have people become more interconnected?
(4 types of globalisation)
- Economic Globalisation
- Social Globalisation
- Political Globalisation
- Cultural Globalisation
How has globalisation been accelerated Economically?
- Increase of TNCs
- Increase of communication technology (ICT)
- Increase in online purchasing using a smartphone
How has globalisation been accelerated Politically?
- Increase in trading blocs (EU & NAFTA)
- Increase in free trade agreements
- Increase in global organisations (e.g. The World Bank, IMF and WTO)
How has globalisation been accelerated Socially?
- International migration
- Improvements in education & healthcare
- Increase in social interconnectivity
How has globalisation been accelerated Culturally?
- Through western cultural (e.g. films, TV shows, music, fashion, food, etc)
- ‘Americanisation’ & ‘McDonaldisation’
- Glocalisation
- Increasing speed at which information and ideas are circulating (e.g. Twitter)
What is meant by glocalisation?
The adaptation of a global product for a local market place
What does TNC stand for and what are they?
Transnational Corporation - companies who operate in many countries producing and selling goods and services
What are Trade Blocs?
A group of countries and/or organisations that work together for trading purposes
What type of Trade & Transport did we use in the 19th century and what did we move onto in the 20th century?
19th century Trade & Transport:
- railways
- steam-ships
- telegraph
20th century Trade & Transport:
- jet aircraft
- containerisation
What did developments in Trade & Transport lead to?
The shrinking world
Whats are the 5 global flows/networks?
- Capital
- Commodities
- Information
- Tourists
- Migrants
What happens to Capital in terms of global flows/networks?
Money is constantly passed through worldwide stock market where businesses can exchange currencies for profits
What happens to Commodities in terms of global flows/networks?
Valuable raw materials such as fossil fuels, food and minerals have always been traded between nations but trade of manufactured goods have risen rapidly
What happens to Information in terms of global flows/networks?
- what has the internet brought?
- how many Facebook users were there in 2015?
The internet has brought real-time communication between distant places, allowing goods and services to be brought quickly and easily
2015= 1.5 billion Facebook users
What happens to Tourists in terms of global flows/networks?
- what are many of the world’s air passengers ?
- what have budget airlines allowed?
(give an example of a budget airline)
- What has budget airlines done for two different types of people?
- Budget airlines have allowed high-income tourists to travel to distant places within easy reach
- Has also allowed people from developing countries to travel abroad too when using budget airlines (e.g. AirAsia)
What happens to Migrants in terms of global flows/networks?
- what obstacles are in the way in terms of immigration?
- what are the attitudes of most governments to immigration?
(give an example)
- Still a great number of obstacles due to border controls and immigration laws
- Most government have a ‘pick and mix’ attitude towards global flow as they embrace trade flows but attempt to resist migrant flows unless there is a special need
(e.g. Qatar’s encouragement of Indian construction workers)
