Health, Education, & Service Delivery Issues

Question 1

What are the types of pediatric physical therapy settings?

Answer 1

Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
Pediatric Intensive care unit (PICU)
Acute Care Service
Rehabilitation Unit
Outpatient clinic
Early intervention home care
Educational settings

Question 2

How does the educational model of delivery differ from the medical model?

Answer 2

The educational model is free of charge to the family because it is federally funded and need based, goals need to be family oriented and educationally based

Question 3

Who is served in the NICU?

Answer 3

High risk infants with a variety of diagnoses
Family members

Question 4

What is the role of a PT in the NICU?

Answer 4

Examination and evaluation
Intervention
Re-examination and discharge planning

Question 5

Apgar score, feeding cycles, and sleeping cycles may be discussed during which part of the examination?

Answer 5

History

Question 6

What elements of an examination are specific to infants?

Answer 6

Tolerance to handling
Behavioral state and alertness
Active movement and strength
Muscle tone and reflexes
Feeding

Question 7

What are the three goals of PT in the NICU?

Answer 7

Do no harm
Education on handling and positioning for development
Promote sucking

Question 8

During neonatal PT intervention, what aspects will you work on with the newborn and their family?

Answer 8

Positioning
PROM, AROM
Motor and sensory systems
Feeding

Question 9

When can an infant transition out of the NICU?

Answer 9

They may transition once vitals are stable, the family has fully participated in care, and self-feeding is accomplished

Question 10

What types of pediatric patients are served in acute care?

Answer 10

Trauma patients
Infections
Cancer patients
Allergic reactions
Post-surgical
Onset of new disease
etc.

Question 11

What is the goal of PT in acute care?

Answer 11

Medical stabilization followed by mobility

Question 12

What types of pediatric patients are served in a rehabilitation setting?

Answer 12

Patients with intensive need
When it is not safe to return to home/school
When patient has not reached their full potential

Question 13

What are the goals of PT in rehabilitation?

Answer 13

Maximize functional independence in the least restrictive environment possible
Promote safe mobility
Patient/family education

Question 14

Who is served in a pediatric outpatient setting?

Answer 14

Patients recently discharged from the hospital
To supplement or replace care at school

Question 15

What is the role of a PT in a pediatric outpatient setting?

Answer 15

Creating home exercise programs
Teaching proper use of ADs

Question 16

What are the goals of PT in a pediatric outpatient setting?

Answer 16

goals are aimed at specific activity limitations for a specified period of time, also take into account what the family and child wants to achieve

Question 17

Which law is being described?
States that all handicapped children from ages 6 to 21 be provided with free appropriate education regardless of the severity of their condition

Answer 17

Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

Question 18

What did the Education of Handicapped Amendment of 1986 do?

Answer 18

• Expanded the Act of 1975 to infants, toddlers, and preschool aged children
• Provided services between public and private agencies
• Emphasizes strong family involvement in a natural setting

Question 19

Which law is being described?
Ensures a least restrictive environment, family training/counseling/home visits, assistive technology, nutrition, and other services to children of ALL ages

Answer 19

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendment of 1991 (IDEA)

Question 20

What is Part A of the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA)?

Answer 20

General provisions on rights and opportunities of individuals with disabilities in education and society for equal opportunity

Question 21

What is Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA)?

Answer 21

Outlining of the right to free and appropriate education and related services for eligible children from ages 3-21

Question 22

What is Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA)?

Answer 22

Assists states to implement a comprehensive, coordinated, multidisciplinary that provides early intervention services to infants and toddlers with disabilities in natural environments (school, home, playground…)

Question 23

What are some elements in Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA) implement early intervention to children?

Answer 23

• Coordinates payment from federal, state, and private sources
• Expands capacity and improves services
• Expand opportunities to children who are at risk of having substantial developmental delay

Question 24

What makes a child eligible to receive services from the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA)?

Answer 24

• Child shows developmental delay: cognitive, physical, communication, adaptive/motor)
• Child has been diagnosed with a condition that is likely to cause a developmental delay (automatic qualifier)
• Child is at risk for developmental delay based on an examination using normal reference scores and criteria reference scores as criteria

Question 25

What are three key elements to early intervention?

Answer 25

1. Team collaboration
2. A non-discriminatory evaluation/assessment
3. Family centered care in a natural environment (home, daycare, playground, etc.)

Question 26

What is an Individual Family Service Plan?

Answer 26

IFSP is the documentation for early intervention of children aged 0-3, it focuses on the needs of the child and works activity into their existing daily routines

Question 27

What does “zero reject” refer to?

Answer 27

IDEA Part B states that no matter the severity or type of condition the child has, they are to receive free and appropriate education

Question 28

What is meant by “least restrictive environment” in part B of IDEA?

Answer 28

Schools are to always strive to place child with their peers, removal or separate placement may be arranged if this cannot be achieved

Question 29

What does “due process” refer to in part B of IDEA?

Answer 29

Parent has the right to questions and challenge decisions made by the PT, which can progress to legal action

Question 30

What does “transition” refer to in part B of IDEA?

Answer 30

Plans for the transition between the stages: early intervention, preschool, school age, age 14, exit from school

Question 31

True of False
Assistive technology (services and devices) that is provided through part B of IDEA must be paid for by the school and can be used in a school setting or home setting

Answer 31

False
The school must pay for services and equipment, but they must be used in a school setting ONLY and cannot not go home with the child/family

Question 32

What is an Individual Education Plan?

Answer 32

An annual document of service plan that specifies services received and educationally relevant goals for children age 3-21 that includes 10 week progress reports

Question 33

What is the Section 504 of Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Amendment of 1992?

Answer 33

Protects the right to anti-discrimination for individuals with disabilities, Its broader definition of handicapped allows services to expand to other groups of children (visual impairments, temporary AD use, anxiety, ADHD, etc.)