HEALTH EDUCATION AND PROMOTION Flashcards
a process that bridges the gap between health information and health practice
health education
process of enabling people to increase their control over, and to improve their health
health promotion
5 action areas of health education and promotion
building health public policy
creating supportive environments
strengthening community action
reorienting health services
developing skills
area of health promotion that deals with the implementation of policies by the government and organizations that support health promotion and disease prevention initiatives
building health public policy
creating safe and accessible spaces for physical activity, reducing environmental pollution, and fostering supportive social networks
creating supportive environments
involves legislations, regulations, and guidelines that aim to improve public health outcomes
building health public policy
environments refer to both physical and social that promote health and well-being
creating supportive environments
empowering communities to take collective action to address health issues through education, advocacy, and collaboration
strengthening community action
shifting healthcare systems towards preventive and holistic approaches focusing on wellness rather than just treating illnesses
reorienting health services
equip individuals with knowledge and tools to make healthy choices including education and nutrition, exercise, and stress management
developing skills
models in health education and promotion
precede-proceed model
PATCH model
MATCH model
APEXPH model
PEN-3 model
this part of the precede-proceed aims to generate objectives
precede phase
phases of the precede phase
social assessment and situational analysis
epidemiological assessment
educational/ecological assessment
intervention analysis and administrative and policy assessment
phase of precede phase that is the evaluation of current quality of life of the target population
social assessment and situational analysis
phase of precede phase that identifies health issues and determinants that cause the health problem
epidemiological assessment
5Ds
death
disease
disability
discomfort
dissatisfaction
3rd phase of precede phase, categories of factors
predisposing factors
enabling factors
reinforcing factors
antecedents of behavior change that provide rationale or motivation for the behavior
predisposing factors (beliefs, values, knowledge, attitudes, health education, health literacy)
antecedents of behavioral or environmental change that allow a motivation or environmental policy to be realized
enabling factors (availability, accessibility, affordability of resources, and laws/policies)
factors following a behavior that provide the continuing reward or incentive for the persistence or repetition of the behavior
reinforcing factors (social reinforcements, positive/negative feedback from family members/friends/ healthcare providers)
2 aspects of the 4th phase of precede phase
intervention alignment
administrative and policy assessment
this aspect should match with each objective to create logical choices of actions
intervention alignment
aspect conducted to avoid implementation problems
administrative and policy assessment
proceed phase, phases
implementation
process evaluation
impact evaluation
outcome evaluation
proceed phase where: “select and implement a health promotion program that is suitable for the target population/community based on the information collected from the precede phase”
implementation
proceed phase and type of evaluation that measures the extent to which a program is delivered as it was conceptualized
process evaluation
proceed phase that is an assessment of the immediate or short term impact of a health program
impact evaluation
proceed phase that is an assessment of the long term impact of a health program
outcome evaluation
PATCH meaning
Planned Approach to Community Health (model)
PATCH model was developed by ______ in ______
CDC; 1970s
PATCH model was released for use in _______
1983
PATCH model is how many steps
5-step model
this health promotion model that is not only a program planning model to help communities plan, implement, and evaluate health promotion programs but also a means of creating partnerships among federal, state, and local health agencies
PATCH model
3 basic concepts of PATCH model
diffusion of effective strategies
local ownership
vertical and horizontal networks
concepts of PATCH model that creates a practical tool whereby successful interventions strategies can be described and shared among local health departments
diffusion of effective strategies
concept of PATCH model where community members should be involved in the program planning process, they should take ownership at the grassroots level
local ownership
this type of network connects the local health departments with state and federal agencies
vertical network system
this this type of network connects the local health departments with other health departments
horizontal network system
5 steps of PATCH model
Mobilizing the community
Collecting and organizing data
Choosing health priorities and target groups
Choosing and conducting interventions
Evaluating the PATCH process and interventions
this step of the PATCH model refers to the active recruitment of the representatives from the target community to get involved with the planning process
mobilizing the community
this step of the PATCH model involves the 5 working groups
collecting and organizing data
5 working groups in PATCH model
mortality and morbidity data group
behavioral data group
community opinion data group
public relations data group
evaluation data group
this step of the PATCH model is where the community group will analyze social, economic, political, and environmental factors that affect individual behavior; where priorities are identified
choosing health priorities and target groups
this step of the PATCH model is where the evaluation of resources, policies, environmental measures, and existing interventions to be developed and implemented takes place
choosing and conducting interventions
this is to monitor and assess progress achieved during 5 phases of PATCH
evaluating PATCH process and interventions
MATCH meaning
multi-level approach to community health (model)
MATCH model was introduced by _______________, ________________, and ________________ in the _________
Simons-Morton, Greene, and Gottlieb; 1980s
type of health promotion model that incorporates findings from needs assessments, literature reviews, theory, and logic into successful programs
MATCH model
type of health promotion model that places the health educator at the center of the planning
MATCH model
important concepts of MATCH model
incorporates ecological model
explicitly integrates theory with planning
concept of MATCH that includes all levels of the ecological model (intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, physical environment, and public policy factors that affect health)
incorporates the ecological model
how many steps is the MATCH model
5-step planning model
5 steps of MATCH model
Selection of Health and Behavioral Goals
Intervention Planning
Program Development
Program Implementation
Evaluation
what is selected and identified in the first step of the MATCH model
select at-risk target population and health status goals, and identify health benefits and environmental goals
what do we select and identify in the 2nd step of the MATCH model
select intervention objectives, intervention channel, approach, theory, strategy, and methods, and identify targets of intervention
this MATCH model step involves the creation of program components and development of intervention, protocol, curriculum, manual, or guide
program development
step of the MATCH model that facilitates adoption, implementation, and maintenance
program implementation
step of the MATCH model that conducts the process evaluation
evaluation
APEXPH meaning
Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health (model)
this developed the APEXPH model in the 1980s with funding from the CDC
National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO)
how many steps ang APEXPH model
3-step model
this type of health promotion model is designed for local health departments to use to voluntarily assess and improve their capacity in order to lead their communities toward improved health status
APEXPH model
4 unique features of the APEXPH model
self-assessment tool
leads an applied plan of action
focuses on the local health department
fits local situations and resources
3 step of the APEXPH model
Organizational Capacity Assessment
Community Process
Completing the Cycle
focuses on organizational performance and aims to evaluate what the organization is capable of achieving in the future steps. this is where the action plan is made
organizational capacity assessment
this step of the APEXPH model strengthens the partnerships of local health departments and its community in addressing the communities public health problems
community process
this step of the APEXPH model is intended to be a cooperative endeavor among the local health department staff and key community members who together act as a community advisory committee
community process
this step of the APEXPH model describes the activities that are necessary to ensure that the plans developed are effectively accomplished
Completing the cycle
this steps pf the APEXPH model is associated with the institutionalization of the 3 core functions
completing the cycle
health promotion model developed by Collins O. Airhihenbuwa and was first introduced in 1989
PEN-3 model
a 3D health promotion model that addresses cultural identity, cultural empowerment and relationships and expectations (these 4 are interdependent on each other)
PEN-3 model
3 phases of PEN-3 model
cultural identity
relationships and expectations
cultural empowerment
this PEN-3 model phase is where the planners must decide whether the health education effort is directed toward an individual or to extended families or communities
cultural identity
this PEN-3 model phase is where the planner will collect data by surveys/interview and identify the beliefs and practices related to perceptions, enablers, and nurturers
relationships and expectations
this PEN-3 model phase entails classifying beliefs into 3 categories
positive
existential
negative
health education should be committed to be improving the health of every individual
person
health education is directed not only toward the person’s immediate family but also their extended family or kin group
extended family
the health education should be directed toward improving health in neighborhoods and communities
neighborhood
beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and values in a cultural context can assist or inhibit an individual’s, family’s, or community’s motivation to change health behavior
perceptions
cultural, societal, systematic, structural resources can facilitate or hinder the process of behavior change
enablers
people close to the targeted individual can nurture or reinforce the enactment of positive or negative behavior change (these are influencers)
nurturers
these are the positive perceptions, enablers, and nurturers; helps the person/family to engage in health practices
positive
consist of practices that are neither good nor bad and thus do not need to be changed; cultural beliefs and practices that are unique to a particular culture and have no harmful effects on health
existential
these are the negative perception, enablers, and nurturers that help the person/family/ community to engage in negative health practices that impair health
negative
4 steps of PEN-3 model
- The planners decide whether the health education effort is directed toward individuals, extended families, or communities
- Collection of data and identifying the beliefs and practices related to perceptions, enablers, and nurturers
- Classifying beliefs into 3 categories
- Select the appropriate health education strategies
