Health diet and digestion Flashcards
7 Food Groups in a balanced diet
Carbohydrates - bread, potatoes, pasta Proteins - meat, fish, eggs Fats - butter, oil, nuts Fibre - vegetables, bran Vitamins - fruit, vegetables Minerals - salt, milk, liver Water - fruit juice, water
Five types of drugs and examples
Depressants- alcohol, cannabis Stimulants- cocaine, amphetamine Hallucinogens- LSD, magic mushrooms Opioids- heroine, morphine Inhalants- pain, glue Anabolic steroids- anadrol, anavar
Short term and long term effects of drugs on body
Nicotine
Short term- increase in blood pressure, increase in carbon monoxide levels
Long- increased risk of heart disease, increased risk of diabetes
Heroin
Short term- reduced sensation of pain, drowsiness
Long term- decreased dental health, sleeping problems
Amphetamine
Short term- quicker reaction times, excitement
Long term- paranoia, hallucinations
What each food group does to keep the body healthy
Carbohydrate- To provide energy
Protein- For growth and repair
Fat- To provide energy. Also to store energy in the body and insulate it against the cold
Minerals- Needed in small amounts to maintain health
Vitamins Needed in small amounts to maintain health
Fiber- To provide roughage to help to keep the food moving through the gut
Water- Needed for cells and body fluids
Too much salt, fat and sugar symptoms
Salt- brain feels fogy, get thirsty easier
Fat- risk of heart disease, stroke
Sugar- headaches, fatigue
Too little of Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Iron, Fiber, Protein
Vitamin C- Slow wound healing, dry skin
Vitamin D- bone pain, muscle weakness
Iron- weakness, dizziness
Fiber- weight gain, poor blood sugar control
Protein- bad metabolism, poor muscle function
What is Bulimia and Anorexia and what are the effects that they have?
Anorexia is a fear of gaining weight so the person tries to be as slim as possible. Effects are fatigue or insomnia.
Bulimia is a eating disorder caused by a distorted body image and it is where a person overeats extremely and then fasts for a long time. Effects are stomach pain or quickly decaying teeth because of self-induced vomiting.
What happens when an energy intake is too high or too low?
Too high- too many calories causes weight gain which puts extra strain on the heart which increases the risk of heart disease
Too low- too little calories means that you lose weight but in extreme cases you can go into dizziness, anxiety and sweating.
Main parts of the digestive system
Salivary glands. Pharynx. Esophagus. Stomach. Small Intestine. Large Intestine. Rectum. Liver Pancreas
How each digestive organ is adapted for the job it does
Salivary glands: Produce saliva which breaks up food and keeps other parts of the digestive system moist.
Pharynx:
Mechanical and chemical digestion
Mechanical: Chewing up food in the mouth.
Chemical: The process of enzymes breaking food up into smaller pieces which can be absorbed.
What does each part of the digestive do
Salivary gland- Realises saliva to break up food
Throat- Leads food from the mouth to the oesophagus
Oesophagus- Leads from the throat to the stomach
Stomach- Releases acid and enzymes to break up food further.
Small intestine- Absorbs the nutrients and other things the body can move
Large intestine- Removes the water from the leftover food.
Rectum- This is where you feel the urge to go to the toilet
Anus- This is where the poo comes out
Impact of bacteria in digestion
Bacteria help digest the food and keep away harmful bacteria in the large intestine. Some types produce chemicals such as lactase which breaks up lactose.
What is an enzyme and how does it work
An enzyme is a substance produced by a living orgasm which is used for a biochemical reaction.
Main enzymes that break up protein carbohydrates and fats
Protein- Protease
Carbohydrates- Maltose and amylase
Fats- Lipase
