Health Behaviour Change 1-2 Flashcards
Health Behaviour change intervention
- efforts aimed at changing what people do, which impacts their health
- Can be + or - impacts
- not necessarily motivate by improving health
- Do not necessarily use health arguments to influence behaviour
- Includes individual and environmental interventions
Elements of HBC
Population Behaviour Theory Behaviour change techniques Format of delivery
Populations
- The target group for behaviour change
Populations will have:
- suboptimal levels of performance of the target behaviour
- benefit from behaviour change
Behaviour
- anything a person does in response to internal or external events
- physical events that occur in the body and are controlled by brain
Health Behaviours
any behaviours that impact on people’s physical and mental health and quality of life
Specificity of behaviours
- high level: eat healthily
- medium level: eat 5 fruits and veggies a day
- low level: eat an apple after lunch
Behaviour change includes:
- starting something new
- stopping something
- doing something more
- doing something less
- swapping one behaviour for another
- do more of something
- do less of something
- piggybacking
What influences behaviour?
Individual factors:
- Personality
- Demographics
- Beliefs
Environmental factors:
- Physical enviro.
- Social enviro.
- Access to services
Why use a theory?
- Cumulative sience argument
- shared language/understanding
- summarises evidence - Prediction argument
- allows to predict and generalise - Change argument
- guides design of interventions
- guides evaluation/understanding - Everyoneisusingthemanyways argument
- We all construct mental models
Types of theories
- Motivational (TPB)
- focus on explaining motivation - Stage (TTM, HAPA)
- explain change as a progression through a series of stages - Dual Process (RIM)
- focus on two differing process of information processing
Motivational Theories
Theory of Planned Behaviour
- Behaviour is determined by a persons intention
- Intention is determined by three factors: Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Perceived behaviour control
Pros and cons of TPB
pros;
- widely used in research studies
- strong evidence for explaining behaviours
cons;
- only explains motivation
- many relevant factors not included in theory
- limited guidance on how to develop behaviour change interventions
Post- intentional tasks:
Initiation of behaviour
Maintenance of behaviours
Recovery of behaviour
Termination of behaviour
Stage- Theories
Transtheoretical Model:
- pre contemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- action
- maintenance
Health Action Process Approach:
- Risk perception
- Outcome expectancies
- Self Efficacy: action, maintenance and recovery
Pros of TTM
pros;
- high face validity
cons:
- fixed sequence
Action planning vs Coping planning
AP:
- translating intentions into actions
CP:
- protecting action plans against obstacles
Health action process approach
Two separate processes; motivation and volition
- motivation: an intention to change
- volition: change must be initiated, maintained and relapses must be managed
Social-cognitive variables may play different roles in the two stages;
- motivation: risk perception, outcome expectancies
- volition: action planning, coping planning
- self-efficacy is equally important in the two phases
Pros and Cons of HAPA
Pros:
- comprehensive model, including both motivational and volitional processes - explains some of the intention-behaviour gap
Cons:
- Higher level theory, does not explain in-the-moment behaviours (not dynamic)
Dual Process theories
RIM model:
- behaviour controlled by two distinct systems of information processing: reflective and impulsive
- systems operate in parallel
- Reflective system: requires high cognitive capacity and easily disturbed
- Impulsive system: requires little cognitive capacity and is less easily disturbed
Pros and Cons of RIM
pros:
- explains in the moment behaviour - dynamic model
- takes account of no-conscious processes
cons:
- not yet tested much in complex interventions
- complex and difficult to test in research studies
Two cognitive processes that operate thinking and behaviour
Fast:
- autonomic, experimental, intuitive
Slow:
- effortful, analytical, intentional
