Health Behaviour Change 1-2

Question 1

Health Behaviour change intervention

Answer 1

• efforts aimed at changing what people do, which impacts their health
• Can be + or - impacts
• not necessarily motivate by improving health
• Do not necessarily use health arguments to influence behaviour
• Includes individual and environmental interventions

Question 2

Elements of HBC

Answer 2

Population
Behaviour 
Theory
Behaviour change techniques 
Format of delivery

Question 3

Populations

Answer 3

• The target group for behaviour change

Populations will have:

• suboptimal levels of performance of the target behaviour
• benefit from behaviour change

Question 4

Behaviour

Answer 4

• anything a person does in response to internal or external events
• physical events that occur in the body and are controlled by brain

Question 5

Health Behaviours

Answer 5

any behaviours that impact on people’s physical and mental health and quality of life

Question 6

Specificity of behaviours

Answer 6

• high level: eat healthily
• medium level: eat 5 fruits and veggies a day
• low level: eat an apple after lunch

Question 7

Behaviour change includes:

Answer 7

• starting something new
• stopping something
• doing something more
• doing something less
• swapping one behaviour for another
• do more of something
• do less of something
• piggybacking

Question 8

What influences behaviour?

Answer 8

Individual factors:

• Personality
• Demographics
• Beliefs

Environmental factors:

• Physical enviro.
• Social enviro.
• Access to services

Question 9

Why use a theory?

Answer 9

1. Cumulative sience argument
   - shared language/understanding
   - summarises evidence
2. Prediction argument
   - allows to predict and generalise
3. Change argument
   - guides design of interventions
   - guides evaluation/understanding
4. Everyoneisusingthemanyways argument
   - We all construct mental models

Question 10

Types of theories

Answer 10

1. Motivational (TPB)
   - focus on explaining motivation
2. Stage (TTM, HAPA)
   - explain change as a progression through a series of stages
3. Dual Process (RIM)
   - focus on two differing process of information processing

Question 11

Motivational Theories

Answer 11

Theory of Planned Behaviour

• Behaviour is determined by a persons intention
• Intention is determined by three factors: Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Perceived behaviour control

Question 12

Pros and cons of TPB

Answer 12

pros;

• widely used in research studies
• strong evidence for explaining behaviours

cons;

• only explains motivation
• many relevant factors not included in theory
• limited guidance on how to develop behaviour change interventions

Question 13

Post- intentional tasks:

Answer 13

Initiation of behaviour
Maintenance of behaviours
Recovery of behaviour
Termination of behaviour

Question 14

Stage- Theories

Answer 14

Transtheoretical Model:

• pre contemplation
• contemplation
• preparation
• action
• maintenance

Health Action Process Approach:

• Risk perception
• Outcome expectancies
• Self Efficacy: action, maintenance and recovery

Question 15

Pros of TTM

Answer 15

pros;
- high face validity

cons:
- fixed sequence

Question 16

Action planning vs Coping planning

Answer 16

AP:
- translating intentions into actions

CP:
- protecting action plans against obstacles

Question 17

Health action process approach

Answer 17

Two separate processes; motivation and volition

• motivation: an intention to change
• volition: change must be initiated, maintained and relapses must be managed

Social-cognitive variables may play different roles in the two stages;

• motivation: risk perception, outcome expectancies
• volition: action planning, coping planning
• self-efficacy is equally important in the two phases

Question 18

Pros and Cons of HAPA

Answer 18

Pros:
- comprehensive model, including both motivational and volitional processes - explains some of the intention-behaviour gap

Cons:
- Higher level theory, does not explain in-the-moment behaviours (not dynamic)

Question 19

Dual Process theories

Answer 19

RIM model:

• behaviour controlled by two distinct systems of information processing: reflective and impulsive
• systems operate in parallel
• Reflective system: requires high cognitive capacity and easily disturbed
• Impulsive system: requires little cognitive capacity and is less easily disturbed

Question 20

Pros and Cons of RIM

Answer 20

pros:
- explains in the moment behaviour - dynamic model
- takes account of no-conscious processes

cons:
- not yet tested much in complex interventions
- complex and difficult to test in research studies

Question 21

Two cognitive processes that operate thinking and behaviour

Answer 21

Fast:
- autonomic, experimental, intuitive

Slow:
- effortful, analytical, intentional