Health Behaviour and Health Promotion

Question 1

What does patient adherence refer to?

Answer 1

• Preventative health behaviours
• Keeping medical appointments
• Self-care actions
• Taking medication as directed
• Insistence on discharge against medical service (lack of adherence)
• Parents administering medication to children

Question 2

What is non-adherence?

Answer 2

Failure of a patient to follow recommended health behaviours and treatment advice given by a clinician

Question 3

What affects patient adherence?

Answer 3

• Type of treatment (may comply with one but not another)
• Beliefs
• Intrusiveness
• Expense
• Presence of symptoms

Question 4

What does Stanton’s Model of Adherence state leads to adherence?

Answer 4

• Doctor communication
• Increased knowledge and satisfaction
• Patient’s beliefs/locus of control/perceived social support

Question 5

What does the information-motivation-strategy model state leads to patients not adhering?

Answer 5

• Information = patient doesn’t understand what they’re supposed to do
• Motivation = patient is not motivated to carry out their treatment
• Strategy = patient does not have a workable strategy for following treatment

Question 6

How are the reasons in the information-motivation-strategy model that patients don’t adhere fixed?

Answer 6

• Information
  > Encourage patients to participate in decision-making
  > Have patient share why and how they will carry out treatment
• Motivation
  > Elicit, listen to and discuss negative attitudes toward treatment
  > Help patient believe they are capable
• Strategy
  > Identify individuals who can help
  > Written instructions/reminders
  > Electronic reminders
  > Link to support groups

Question 7

How to improve adherence

Answer 7

• Tell patient what you are about to tell them
• Think about primacy effect (first thing you say will be remembered most)
• Repeat instructions/info and ask them to do the same
• Keep as short as possible (more info = forget)
• Encourage note-taking
• Use simple words to describe body or treatment

Question 8

What is the COM-B model?

Answer 8

Capability, opportunity and motivation interact to generate behaviour that in turn influences these components

Question 9

Capability definition

Answer 9

Patient’s psychological and physical capability to engage in the activity

Question 10

Opportunity definition

Answer 10

All the factors the lie outside the patient that make the behaviour possible

Question 11

Motivation definition

Answer 11

All those brain processes that energise and direct behaviour

Question 12

3 types of prevention and what do they mean

Answer 12

• Primary prevention = aims to prevent onset of disease
• Secondary prevention = aims to minimise consequences of disease after it has arisen
• Tertiary prevention = aims to prevent death or permanent disability once disease has become established