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Professional Studies 3 > Health and Safety > Flashcards

Health and Safety Flashcards

1
Q

What is a RIDDOR report?

A

A RIDDOR report is required only when the accident is work-related and it results in an injury of a type which is reportable.

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2
Q

The death of any person must be reported if it arises from a work-related accident. To whom does this apply?

A

Workers and non-workers

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3
Q

A femoral fracture is an example of what type of injury under RIDDOR?

A

Specified injury

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4
Q

If an accident leads to a worker being incapacitated so they cannot perform their normal duties and/or are away from work or cannot perform their normal duties, when/how does this fall under RIDDOR?

A

Record if over 3 day incapacitation, report if over 7 day incapacitation.

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5
Q

When do non-fatal accidents to non-workers (clients) have to be reported by an employer?

A

When the accident results in an injury and the person is taken directly from the scene of the accident to hospital for treatment of that injury.

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6
Q

What are some examples of COSHH substances in vet practices and animal establishments?

A
  • Dust from animal bedding
  • Cleaners, including detergents and biocides
  • Medicines
  • Ionising radiation sources
  • Microorganisms from animals
  • Animal allergies/sensitivities
  • Other allergies/sensitivities
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7
Q

What are the hazards from electrical items to humans and animals?

A

Electrical burns
Thermal burns
Loss of muscle control
Electrocution/electric shock

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8
Q

When can a voltage block electrical signals between the brain and muscles?

A

Even a low voltage like 50V applied between 2 parts of the body for long enough can block the electrical signals between the brain and muscles. Long enough in this case might be 2-10 seconds.

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9
Q

What affects the electrical current pathway?

A

Physical size/the distance current travels affects the electrical current pathway. The longer the distance, the more sensitivity.

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10
Q

What happens to the resistivity of the skin when it is wet?

A

The resistivity of the skin is lower when it is wet, estimated as 1000 ohms when wet and more than 500,000 ohms when dry.

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11
Q

What affects the resistivity within the body?

A

Resistivity within the body depends on the organs, such as the internal resistance between the ears is only 100 ohms whereas it is 500 ohms when measured from finger to toe.

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12
Q

What is the effect of 1mA of current on the body?

A

Faint tingle

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13
Q

What is the effect of 5mA of current on the body?

A

Slight shock felt, disturbing but not painful, most people can let go. However strong, involuntary movements can cause injuries.

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14
Q

What is the effect of 6-30mA on the body?

A

Painful shock. Muscular control lost. This is where freezing current starts, may not be possible to let go.

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15
Q

What is the effect of 50-150mA on the body?

A

Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular contractions. Individual cannot let go, death is possible.

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16
Q

What is the effect of 1000-43000mA on the body?

A

Ventricular fibrillation/uneven uncoordinated pumping of the heart. Muscular contraction and nerve damage begins to occur death is likely.

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17
Q

What is the effect of 10,000mA on the body?

A

Cardiac arrest and severe burns occur. Death is probable

18
Q

If your skin is dry, it could be as high as 100,00 ohms which would give 2.4mA of current – how dangerous do you think this current might be?

A

2.4 mA will give you a bit of a jolt (see the table; 1 mA = tingling sensation felt)

19
Q

If your skin is dry, it could be as high as 100,00 ohms which would give 24mA of current – how dangerous do you think this current might be?

A

6-30 mA is when the ‘let go’ threshold is reached: unable to let go, tonic contractions of muscles, tissue damage, contraction of respiratory muscles, asphyxia and hypoxaemia. So, serious shock and effect on the heart.

20
Q

What can currents above 75-100mA delivered for less than 1 second lead to?

A

Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation (VF)

21
Q

During electrocution, what is the risk of ventricular fibrillation determined by?

A
  • Current density (as the electricity travels across the chest)
  • Proximity to myocardium
22
Q

How do defibrillators work?

A

Work by giving a high current shock across the heart when the heart still has electrical activity, mostly by fibrillation. Can’t restart an electrically inactive heart.

23
Q

What is the result of deep electrical burns?

A

Deep burns that require major surgery and are permanently disabling

24
Q

What are the main hazards associated with diathermy?

A
  • Accidental burns
  • Accidental electrocution
  • Surgical plume
  • Ignition of volatile agents
  • Electrical inference with other medical devices like ECG machines, pacemakers and video equipment
25
Q

What is anaesthetic waste gas scavenging?

A

Gases can be vented to outside (actively or passively) or absorbed into a chemical medium and disposed of.

26
Q

What must active anaesthetic gas scavenging include?

A

If you are using active scavenging with a pump to remove gases, there needs to be an airbrake in the system otherwise the pump will just suck the gases out of the patient, and they can’t breathe.

27
Q

What are the maximum legal occupational exposure limits to halothane, isofluorane, sevoflurane and nitrous oxide?

A

Halothane 10ppm
Isoflurane 50ppm
Sevoflurane 60ppm
Nitrous Oxide 100ppm

28
Q

What health effects can be caused due to exposure to high concentrations of waste anaesthetic gases?

A
  • Headache
  • Irritability
  • Fatigue
  • Nausea
  • Drowsiness
  • Difficulties with judgment and coordination
  • Liver and kidney disease
29
Q

What hazards are associated with clinical samples?

A

Patient may have a zoonotic disease. Patient may be undergoing treatment with cytotoxic drugs.

30
Q

Who might be at risk from hazards associated with clinical samples?

A

Those packing or transporting samples. Lab workers handling the samples.

31
Q

What procedures do you think should be put in place to reduce the risk of harm occurring with respect to clinical samples?

A

In these cases, the suspected disease/ cytotoxic treatment must be stated clearly and boldly on the sample container, the packaging, the accompanying paperwork or request form Samples should be transported according to regulations.

32
Q

How is waste managed?

A

Controlled by law and local authority regulations. There are 3 categories of waste: domestic, commercial and industrial

33
Q

What are some risk reduction measures?

A
  • Hazard elimination – alternatives, design improvements, change of process
  • Substitution – replacement of chemical/process
  • Barriers – isolation, segregation
  • Procedures – safe systems, exposure limitation
  • Warnings systems
  • PPE – used only when other methods are not possible, a last resort
34
Q

What are hazards specifically to pregnant individuals?

A
  • Zoonosis – TB in Camelids, Hep. E – endemic in Pigs
  • Anaesthetic gases
  • Manual handling
  • Fatigue, slips, trips
35
Q

Why should we manage health and safety?

A

Moral
Financial - claims against employer, insurance premiums, costs of accidents are high
Legal
Professional - duty of care, unsafe practices may have claims of clinical negligence

36
Q

What are ACOPs?

A

Approved codes of practice are for high risk activities, such as taking x-rays

37
Q

What are SOPs?

A

Standard operating procedures are more dependent on local facilities, such as handling a feline patient to specific local facilities like cat wards.

38
Q

What are 2 insurances that must be held by all businesses?

A

Employer’s Liability Insurance – the legal liability to employees for death or injury

Public Liability Insurance – the legal liability to third parties for death or injury or damage to their property

39
Q

What other insurance may a veterinary practice hold?

A

Professional Negligence Insurance – the legal liability for breach or professional duty by reason of any negligent act or accidental error or omission in teaching, research or consultancy.

40
Q

What are the human factors that may affect your ability to do your job?

A

Ill health
HALT – hungry, angry, late/lonely, tired

41
Q
A

Professional Studies 3 (6 decks)

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