Health and Safety Flashcards
What is the purpose of the HSE?
- To prevent death, injury and ill health in workplaces
What are the regulations for working at height?
Working at Height Regulations 2005
What height trigger the requirement for a edge protection when carrying out roofing work?
Where there is a risk of falling more than two meters, edge protection will be required.
What is the requirement for an edge protection hand rail?
- Top guard rail shall be at least 950mm
- Intermediate rail which does not exceed 470mm
- Toe board
Who should supply the Safety Data Sheets?
The supplier
What information would you find on a Safety Data Sheet?
Properties of each chemical, hazards (health, physical and environmental), safety precautions for handling, storing and transporting the chemical.
Can you give me an example of a substance hazardous to health?
Adhesive, paints, cleaning products (Bleach etc), solvent or fillers
How can operatives be exposed to a substance?
Inhalation (gasses, fumes, mist or dust), Skin Contact, Ingestion, Eye contact, Skin Puncture (through Occupational Activities, Not wearing correct PPE for works)
When were the international symbols introduced?
1992 (by the united nations),
United Nations’ Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) provides globally uniform physical, environmental, and health and safety information on hazardous chemical substances and mixtures
The GHS was adopted by the United Nations in 2002 and is periodically updated. As a front-runner, the EU implemented the GHS in the EU in 2008.
The Regulation on classification, labelling and packaging (CLP Regulation)Search for available translations of the preceding linkEN*** implements the GHS since 20 January 2009. The deadlines for substance and mixture classification under the new rules were 1 December 2010 and 1 June 2015,
Under the CLP Regulation, from 1 June 2015, new pictograms in the shape of a red diamond with a white background replaced the orange ones in the EU
Where should hazardous materials be stored?
- Hazardous substances should be stored in an area with a clear exit, and it is also advised that the storage area should be close to washing facilities.
- Substances may also need to be stored in appropriate COSHH cabinets, and should always be stored separately from any others.
What does RIDDOR stand for?
Reporting Injuries Diseases or Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013
What is the time frame for reporting an incident to the HSE?
- The responsible person must report an incident within 10 days of the incident to the HSE
- For accidents resulting in the over-seven-day incapacitation of a worker, you must notify the enforcing authority within 15 days of the incident
What was the latest revision to the RIDDOR regulation?
1st October 2013. Main changes are to simplify the reporting requirements.
The classification of ‘major injuries’ to workers is being replaced with a shorter list of ‘specified injuries’
The existing schedule detailing 47 types of industrial disease is being replaced with eight categories of reportable work-related illness
Fewer types of ‘dangerous occurrence’ require reporting
How can you report an injury/accident?
You can report online (HSE.gov.uk/RIDDOR) or by telephone by contacting the HSE.
Give me an example of a specified injury?
All deaths to workers and non-workers must be reported if they arise from a work- related accident, including an act of physical violence to a worker. Suicides are not reportable, as the death does not result from a work-related accident.
Specified injuries to workers
The list of ‘specified injuries’ in RIDDOR 2013 (regulation 4) includes:
a fracture, other than to fingers, thumbs and toes;
amputation of an arm, hand, finger, thumb, leg, foot or toe;
permanent loss of sight or reduction of sight;
crush injuries leading to internal organ damage;
serious burns (covering more than 10% of the body, or damaging the eyes,
respiratory system or other vital organs);
scalpings (separation of skin from the head) which require hospital treatment;
unconsciousness caused by head injury or asphyxia;
any other injury arising from working in an enclosed space, which leads to
hypothermia, heat-induced illness or requires resuscitation or admittance to hospital for more than 24 hours.
Who should report an injury or accident?
RIDDOR puts duties on employers, the self-employed and people in control of work premises (the Responsible Person) to report certain serious workplace accidents, occupational diseases and specified dangerous occurrences (near misses).
What is a INDG?
Industry Guidance
What information would be required for a RIDDOR report?
- The date and method of reporting;
- Time and place of the event;
- Personal details of those involved;
- A brief description of the nature of the event or disease
What is a near miss?
- An event not causing harm, but has the potential to cause injury or ill health (in this guidance, the term near miss will include dangerous occurrences)
Give me an example of when you have been party to a reportable incident?
Near Miss (an event not causing harm but has the potential to cause injury or ill health)
Scaffold board fell through a roof
How might COVID-19 affect RIDDOR reporting?
Increasing the amount of reporting relating to COVID-19 transmission.
What to report
RIDDOR reporting requirements relating to cases of disease, or deaths, from COVID-19 only apply where an employee has been infected with coronavirus through:
deliberately working with the virus, such as in a laboratory
being incidentally exposed to the virus
Incidental exposure can occur when working in environments where people are known to have COVID-19, for example in a health or social care setting.
What types of Asbestos are there?
Chrysotile, Amosite, Crocidolite (White, Brown, Blue)
Where can you typically find Asbestos?
Floor tiles, adhesive, AIB (Soffits, shelving), sprayed coating, lagging, ceiling tiles, toilet seat and cistern, cement sheeting
In what areas could you be at risk of Asbestos?
Ceiling voids etc (confined spaces), fibrous form.
How should Asbestos be removed?
Depends on licensed or non-licensed works.
In accordance with the HSE asbestos essentials advice
Notifiable works must be by specialist removal contractor
What is Asbestos?
Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral composed of flexible fibers that are resistant to heat, electricity and corrosion
What regulations are in force for the control of Asbestos?
Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012
How is Asbestos managed in buildings?
Commercial Buildings and Communal Areas of Domestic (such as lift shafts, roof voids) management plan
Refurbishment and Demolition Surveys required before construction/ demolition works.
How must you keep Asbestos records up to date?
Update the asbestos register whenever you have work done on asbestos materials.
Check materials at least once a year to make sure they haven’t deteriorated.
Check against your asbestos register and identify
who is going to make these checks when, and why they are able to do the work, eg training.
Update your asbestos management plan and date it.
What is an Asbestos Management Plan and what does it include?
An Asbestos Management Plan should include:
- Nominated responsible person
- Provide details of asbestos in the building and how it’s managed
- Update annually (monitoring the materials’ condition)
- Can be written or held as a computer based record. Make it easy to read and easy to find when you, or anyone else, needs it.
Example project - where have you found asbestos and had it encapsulated or removed?
- Woodmansey Primary School - AIB to the soffits. I have the AIB removed and the schools management plan updated on completion.
Example project- Where have you read the asbestos survey report?
- I will always refer to the asbestos report on buildings in which I have never attended before.
What are the CDM Regulations?
CDM aims to improve health and safety in the industry by helping you to:
- Sensibly plan the work so the risks involved are managed from start to finish
- Have the right people for the right job at the right time
When did the CDM Regulations come into force?
April 2015
Main changes:
Principle Designer replaced the role of CDM Coordinator
What are the different parties (roles) included within the CDM Regulations?
Client
Designer
Principal Designer
Contractor
Principal Contractor
Worker
What are the roles/ responsibilities of the domestic client under the CDM Regulations?
Domestic Client
Client duties are normally transferred to:
- Contractor for single contractor projects
- Principal contractor for projects with more than one contractor
However, the domestic client can instead choose to have a written agreement with the principal designer to carry out the client duties.
What are the roles/ responsibilities of the commercial client under the CDM Regulations?
Commercial Client
- Provides the Principal Designer with the pre-construction information
- Provide Welfare facilities
- Ensure Principal Designer and Principal Contractor carry out their duties
- Sufficient time and resources are allocated
- Ensure other duty holders are appointed
What are the roles/ responsibilities of the Principal Designer under the CDM Regulations??
- Plan, manage, monitor and coordinate health and safety in the pre-construction phase
- Compile the pre-construction information
- Identifying, eliminating or controlling foreseeable risks
- Ensuring designers carry out their duties
- Liaise with the principal contractor to help in the planning, management, monitoring and coordination of the construction phase.
What are the roles/ responsibilities of the Principal Contractor under the CDM Regulations??
- Plan, manage, monitor and coordinate health and safety in the construction phase
- Liaising with the client and principal designer
- Preparing the construction phase plan
- Organising cooperation between contractors and coordinating their work
- Site inductions are provided
- Reasonable steps are taken to prevent unauthorised access
- Welfare facilities are provided
What are the roles/ responsibilities of a Designer under the CDM Regulations?
- When designing: eliminate, reduce or control foreseeable risks
- Provide information to other members of the project team to help them fulfil their duties
- Maintenance and use of a building once it is built
What are the roles/ responsibilities of a contractor under the CDM Regulations?
Plan, manage and monitor construction work under their control so it is carried out without risks to health and safety.
For projects involving more than one contractor, coordinate their activities with others in the project team – in particular, comply with directions given to them by the principal designer or principal contractor.
For single contractor projects, prepare a construction phase plan (PDF) .
What are the roles/ responsibilities of a worker under the CDM Regulations?
Workers must:
be consulted about matters which affect their health, safety and welfare
take care of their own health and safety, and of others who might be affected by their actions
report anything they see which is likely to endanger either their own or others’ health and safety
cooperate with their employer, fellow workers, contractors and other dutyholders
What is a Construction Phase Plan?
Required under CDM for every construction project (does not need to be complicated)
The construction phase plan is a health and safety management document for the project. It outlines the plan for how the work will be completed safely.
Includes the following
A description of the project such as key dates and details of key members of the project team.
The management of the work including:
The health and safety aims for the project.
The site rules.
Arrangements to ensure cooperation between project team members and coordination of their work, eg regular site meetings.
Arrangements for involving workers.
Site induction.
Welfare facilities.
Fire and emergency procedures
What is an F10 Form?
A form to notify the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) of a notifiable construction project
When is an F10 Form Required?
For notifiable Construction Projects
When is a project notifiable?
A construction project is notifiable if the construction work is expected to:
last longer than 30 working days and have more than 20 workers working at the same time at any point on the project
exceed 500 person days
Who enforces the CDM Regulations?
Health and Safety Executive (HSE)
What is pre-construction information?
It is to provide relevant information about the health and safety hazards associated with a construction project.
What is a health and safety file?
A Health and Safety File is a repository of health and safety information that serves as a legal record, benefiting both clients and end users – from initial construction through use, cleaning, maintenance, alterations and refurbishment, and demolition.
What is an O&M file?
Operations and Maintenance:
- Provides all the information required by end users for the operation, maintenance, decommissioning and demolition of a building.
What is included within pre-construction information?
All revenant information as per ERYC PCI
What is a risk?
The likelihood that a specified undesired event will occur
What is a Hazard?
The potential to cause harm
What is the 5 steps to risk assessment? (IACRR)
- Identify the hazards
- Assess the risks
- Control the risks
- Record your findings
- Review your findings
What is the Risk Control Heirachy? (ESEAP)
- Elimination (Remove the hazard)
- Substitution (Replace the hazard)
- Engineering Controls (Isolate people from the hazard)
- Administrative Controls (Change the way people work)
- PPE (Protect the worker)
What is a control measure?
Actions that can be taken to reduce the potential of exposure to the hazard or the control measure could be to remove the hazard or to reduce the likelihood of the risk of the exposure to that hazard being realised.
What is a Risk Assessment?
A Risk Assessment is a systematic examination of tasks, examining the likeliness they will occur, and the impact they will have.
What is a Method Statement?
A method statement is the step by step process of the works including the task in hand, the materials used, the tools used and what PPE is required when undertaking the task.
- A document detailing how a particular task or activity will be carried out. It should detail the possible risks/dangers, and the methods of control established to show how the work will be managed safely.
What is included within the RICS surveying safely guidance note?
Responsibilities for members and firms
Assessing Hazards and Risks
RICS members places of work
Occupational Hygiene and Health
Visiting Premises or sites
Fire Safety
Residential property Surveying
Procurement and Management of Contractors
What do you do if you see an unsafe situation?
If you see something unsafe or spot a hazard, don’t walk by – take responsibility to deal with it.
If you feel you are in any immediate danger to your health or safety STOP work immediately and inform your supervisor.
What is Legionnaires Disease?
Legionella bacteria are widespread in natural water systems, eg rivers and ponds. However, the conditions are rarely right for people to catch the disease from these sources. Outbreaks of the illness occur from exposure to legionella growing in purpose-built systems where water is maintained at a temperature high enough to encourage growth, eg cooling towers, evaporative condensers, hot and cold water systems and spa pools used in all sorts of premises (work and domestic).
What is the RICS main guidance for Health and Safety?
RICS Surveying Safely GUIDANCE NOTE 2nd Edition 1st February 2019
What is an accident?
An accident is a separate, identifiable, unintended incident, which causes physical injury.
What is an incident?
An event not causing harm, but has the potential to cause injury or ill health (in this guidance, the term near miss will include dangerous occurrences)
What is the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974?
Primary piece of legislation covering occupations health and safety in Great Britain.
It sets out general duties which employers have towards employees and members of the public.
What is the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999?
It’s a regulation which requires employers to carry out risk assessments, make arrangements to implement necessary measures, appoint competent people and arrange for appropriate information and training.
What does the term Reasonably Practicable mean?
Weighing a risk against the trouble, time and money needed to control it
What are the penalties for non-compliance with the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974?
- Fines
- Imprisonment
- Sanctions
If you have 5 or more employees at your firm what would you need?
- A written Health and Safety Policy
- A risk assessment
- Provide training and information
What is PPE?
Personal Protective Equipment
What legislation covers the requirement for PPE?
Personal Protective Equipment at Work (Amended) Regulations 2022 (PPER 2022)
Name some types of PPE?
- Gloves
- Eye protection
- Hard hat
- Ear defenders
- Hi vis jacket
- Steel toe cap footwear
- Respiratory protective masks
- Clothing i.e. fire resistant
- Harness
What types of PPE might you take for a Building Survey?
- Hard hat
- Steel toe cap footwear
- Hi vis jacket
- Gloves
- Torch (Equipment used for safety)
What is a dynamic risk assessment?
- An active observation, assessment and analysing of an active work environment while work is ongoing to identify and manage risk.
- A dynamic risk assessment builds on the work of existing risk assessments, though are conducted in the field, most likely by the worker carrying out a job.
- This risk assessment follows the formal risk assessment steps principles.
What is a Deleterious material?
- Asbestos and ACMS
- Brick slips
- Lead and lead containing materials
- Hair plaster
- High alumina cement
- Chlorides
- Cadmium products (Batteries, pigments, metal coatings, plastics)
What is working at height?
Work at height means work in any place where, if there were no precautions in
place, a person could fall a distance liable to cause personal injury.
i.e flat roof, fragile surfaces or excavation
What is the process of thought for protecting people working at height?
Avoid if possible - if not…
Prevent - a fall where possible i.e MEWPS, Scaffold or a restraint system
Minimise consequences of a fall- Safety nets air bags fall arrest systems etc
What elements of the WAH Regulations relevant to your project mentioned in the example?
Guardrails
Ladders/ Stepladders
Crash Deck and Protection around Rooflights
How do you/ your company manage lone working arrangements?
Booking in/out system
Lone Working Fob (Orbis System)
What are the risks associated with Lone Working?
Suzy Lamplugh Case - good example
Injury/ Illness
Unsafe buildings/ structures/ live services etc
Driving
Stress/ Mental Well-being
Rural Locations
How do you ensure contractors are safe/ adopting safe working practices?
Requirements for contractors to be members of CHAS/ Safe Contractor Scheme.
What is the benefit for the contractor of using CHAS?
UKs leading accreditation scheme
Compliance with Standards
Cost/ Time savings by duplicating processes/ documents
More Work
What is the benefit to us of using CHAS? (Or similar)
Nationally recognised accreditation
Streamlining processes
What is a Health and Safety Policy?
A health and safety policy sets out your general approach to health and safety. It explains how an employer, will manage health and safety in their business. It should clearly say who does what, when and how.
If you have five or more employees, you must write your policy down. If you have fewer than five employees you do not have to.
What legislation covers the need for a Health and Safety Policy?
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
What does a Health and Safety Policy need to contain?
Statement of intent
Who is responsible for health and safety
Arrangements for health and safety i.e training employees, risk assessments
What are the Six Pack Regulations?
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999: the main set of regulations
Manual Handling Operations Regulations: covering handling of heavy or awkward loads
Display Screen Equipment (DSE) Regulations: covering the safe use of computer screens and keyboards
Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations: covering the environments people are asked to work in
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations: covering the suitability of equipment in the workplace
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Regulations: covering the use of protective equipment
What are the effects of poor Health and Safety Management?
Death, injury, ill health
Resulting in fines, damage to reputation, legal action, disruption to the business
Why is it important to manage safely?
Moral - duty of care
Legal
Financial
What are the key parts of the Health and Safety Management System?
Plan - Policy and planning
Do - Risk profiling and implementation
Check - Collect data and measure performance
Act - Review performance and learn lessons
- Continual Improvement
- Helps comply with legislation
What if the contractor priced for work that would be carried unsafely and did not allow for the appropriate equipment or methods for completing the work safely?
- Depends upon the amount of returned tenders - go to the next lowest tender
- Go back out to tender
How would you carry out your inspections safely; are you aware of any guidance?
RICS Surveying Safely, 2nd Edition:
- Desktop survey, gather existing information on the property and surrounding area
- Carry out a risk assessment
- Lone working, carry lone working fob, booking out system, let people know where you are
- Appropriate PPE
- If the property is dangerous do not enter.
What guidance did you refer to for your segregation and signage?
HSE guidance Protecting the public:
‘Typically, in populated areas, this will mean a two-metre high small mesh fence or hoarding around the site’
Health and Safety, Safety Signs and Signals Regulations
Explain how you monitored Health and Safety on-site during the construction period?
- Check, site security, segregation and signage
- Check welfare set up (CIS no.59), site compound
- First aid
- Fire extinguishers
- F10 displayed?
- Relevant info displayed on site notice board
- Signing in book
- Traffic Management
- If scaffolding, checking scaffolding tags up-to-date?
- Correct PPE is being worn by operatives
- Site rules adhered to
- Record your site visit
What is meant by a fall restraint system?
- A fixed length strap restraining you from reaching the hazard.
- Prevents the chance of falling from height.
- Anchor points don’t need to be as strong and its easy to set up.
The person using the system wears a harness and is attached to an anchor using a restraint strap.
What is meant by a fall arrest system?
- The fall arrest system doesn’t help you until after you have fallen from height.
- Higher level of training
- Can be uncomfortable and mental damaging to the person using the system
