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James' APC Revision > Health and Safety > Flashcards

Health and Safety Flashcards

1
Q

What is the HSE?

A

The H&S Executive is Britain’s national regulator for workplace H&S.
It prevents work-related injury, ill health and death.

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2
Q

Define what service the HSE provides to improve safety?

A
  • Ensures risks in the changing workplace are properly controlled.
  • Helps businesses to adapt to changes in occupational H&S law and practice.
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3
Q

How long should H&S data be kept for?

A

The HSE says health records should be kept for at least 40 years from the date of last entry because there is often a long period between exposure and ill health.
e.g. asbestos exposure causing asbestosis

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4
Q

What is a Construction Phase Health & Safety Plan (CPH&SP)?

A

It demonstrates how the building will be constructed from a safety perspective, and is developed during the construction phase by the contractor.

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5
Q

What are the key principles of COSHH?

A

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health requires employers to eliminate or minimise worker’s exposure to:
- Chemicals
- Fumes, gases, vapours and mists (paint, glue welding, cleaning agents)
- Dusts (asbestos, silica)
- Biological agents and germs

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6
Q

What is corporate manslaughter?

A

A company is guilty of corporate manslaughter if they manage activities in such a way that causes a person’s death, and in doing so they breach their duty of care owed to the deceased.

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7
Q

What is the Considerate Constructor’s Scheme?

A

This scheme aims to improve the image of the construction industry and promote construction.
It’s a voluntary effort that encourages contractors and their supply chain to implement best practice in terms of site operations e.g. site cleanliness

Delivering standards and benefitting the surrounding neighbourhood and community

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8
Q

What are the main assessment categories within the Considerate Constructor’s Scheme?

A

There are 5 codes of considerate practice:
1. Care about safety
2. Care about appearance
3. Respect the community
4. Protect the environment
5. Value their workforce

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9
Q

What is the biggest cause of long-term health issues in the construction industry?

A

Breathing in hazardous dust and fumes.

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10
Q

Historically, which type of accident kills the most construction workers?

A

Falling from height.

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11
Q

What is the minimum height of the main guard-rail on scaffolding?

A

950mm

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12
Q

The Beaufort Scale is important when working at height externally, what does it measure?

A

Wind speed

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13
Q

When are visitors or workers most likely to have an accident on a construction site?

A

When they visit site for the first time.

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14
Q

When you last visited a construction site, what considerations did you give to your own H&S?

A
  • Wearing the correct PPE
  • Attending site inductions, site briefings and toolbox talks
  • Adhering to the contractor’s site rules
  • Contributing towards RAMS
  • Reporting any issues to site management
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15
Q

You are going to complete a site valuation on your own, what should you do before leaving the office?

A
  • Make the site manager aware of the visit
  • Ensure I have the correct PPE to bring to site
  • Advise my manager when I will be going, who I will be meeting and what time I will be back
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16
Q

What H&S hazards have you encountered on your projects?

A
  • Movement of site traffic
  • Poor lighting
  • Noise
  • Slips/trips/falls
  • Heights
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17
Q

What is a CSCS card?

A

Construction Certification Skills Scheme card. It proves the cardholder has the required training and qualifications to do their job on-site.
Therefore helps to improve safety and standards on UK construction sites.

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18
Q

What does PPE stand for?

A

Personal Protective Equipment.

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19
Q

Can you give some examples of PPE?

A
  • Hard hat
  • Safety glasses
  • Ear defenders
  • High-vis vest
  • Gloves
  • Steel toe capped safety boots
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20
Q

A member of public has been injured by work activities and taken to hospital for treatment. What should happen next?

A

The accident should be reported to the HSE by the responsible person.

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21
Q

The site has been issued with a prohibition notice by the HSE. What does this mean?

A

A particular activity on-site must stop immediately until the risk has been eliminated or controlled.

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22
Q

What should you do first if you find an injured person on-site?

A
  • Assess the situation - do not put yourself in danger.
  • Raise the alarm and call for help.
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23
Q

There has been a serious accident on-site. When should an automated external defibrillator (AED) be used?

A

If the person undergoes cardiac arrest (when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating), AED can save their life by starting the heart again.

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24
Q

What does RAMS stand for?

A

Risk Assessment and Method Statement.

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25
Q

What is a method statement?

A
  • Details method used to complete the work.
  • Outlines hazards involved
  • Includes step-by-step guide on how to execute safely.
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26
Q

What is meant by risk assessment?

A
  • Identify the hazards
  • Assess the risks
  • Identify method of eliminating or reducing the risks.
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27
Q

What is the hierarchy of H&S risk control?

A
  • Elimination: remove the hazard
  • Substitution: replace the hazard
  • Engineering controls: isolate people from the hazard
  • Administrative controls: change the way people work
  • PPE: protect the worker
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28
Q

What do you do if you find asbestos on-site?

A
  • Stop work immediately
  • Ensure no one can access the area
  • Report it to the Site Manager, there may be a requirement to notify the HSE

The asbestos will need to be tested by a competent contractor to identify the type.

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29
Q

Which regulations (produced by the HSE) are applicable to asbestos?

A

Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012.

30
Q

Are you aware of any guidance issued by RICS associated with asbestos?

A

Asbestos: legal requirements and best practice for property professionals and clients - 4th edition, May 2021.

31
Q

What are the 3 most common types of asbestos?

A

Crocidolite:
- Characterised by straight BLUE fibres
- Most lethal type of asbestos

Amosite:
- BROWN asbestos
- second-most common type and second-most dangerous

Chrysotile:
- usually WHITE in colour
- characterised by long curly fibres
- most common type used in industrial and commercial applications

32
Q

Name the different types of asbestos survey available?

A

Asbestos management survey:
- manage asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) during the occupation and use of a premises

Refurbishment/demolition survey:
- required where part or all of a premises requires upgrading, refurbishment or demolition

33
Q

Where is asbestos commonly found in older buildings?

A

Inside:
- Vinyl floor tiles
- AIB partition walls
- AIB ceiling tiles
- Pipe and boiler lagging

Outside:
- AIB or asbestos cement soffits
- Asbestos cement gutters and downpipes
- Asbestos cement roof

(according to HSE: https://www.hse.gov.uk/asbestos/building.htm)

34
Q

What is an asbestos management plan?

A

Crucial document detailing:
- how asbestos will be managed in a property
- what activities will be engaged to ensure people remain safe from asbestos exposure

35
Q

What should the asbestos management plan include?

A

The plan must detail:
- party responsible for managing asbestos
- asbestos register - identifies type and location etc
- plans for work on asbestos materials
- schedule for monitoring ACMs condition
- informing people of decisions made

36
Q

How can asbestos be managed on-site?

A
  • Remove: eliminate the risk
  • Encapsulate: apply a protective layer to the ACM which contains asbestos fibres and provides protection from damage
  • Manage: create and follow asbestos management plan
37
Q

What are the main health hazards when somebody is exposed to asbestos?

A
  • Lung cancer.
  • Asbestosis: chronic lung disease that can cause shortness of breath, coughing and permanent lung damage.
  • Mesothelioma: a cancer of the thin membranes that line the chest and abdomen.
38
Q

When is an employer required to have a written H&S policy in the UK?

A

If they have more than 5 employees.

39
Q

Can you list 5 H&S Regulations which are applicable to a construction project?

A
  • Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
  • Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
  • Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002
  • Working at Height Regulations 2005
  • Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 2015
40
Q

What is the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974?

A
  • It’s an important piece of legislation for workplaces in the UK.
  • It sets out the duties employers have towards their employees, members of the public, and employees have to themselves and to each other, “so far as is reasonably practicable”
  • The main requirement on employers is to carry out a risk assessment. Employers with 5 or more employees need to record the significant findings of the risk assessment.
41
Q

What does RIDDOR stand for?

A

Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations.

42
Q

Tell me about Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR)

A

RIDDOR puts duties on employers, the self-employed and people in control of work premises (the Responsible Person) to report certain workplace accidents, occupational diseases and specified dangerous occurrences (near misses).

43
Q

What are the key principles of Lifting Operations Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER)?

A

LOLER places duties on people and companies who own, operate or have control over lifting equipment.
- All lifting operations involving lifting equipment must be properly planned by a competent person, appropriately supervised and carried out safely.
- All equipment used for lifting must be fit for purpose, appropriate for the task, suitable marked and in many cases, subject to statutory periodic “thorough examination”.
- Records must be kept of all thorough examinations and any defects found must be reported to both the person responsible for the equipment and the relevant enforcing authority.

44
Q

What is The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005?

A

Requires employers to protect their employees from excessive levels of noise that could cause hearing damage.

ACTION values: employer must action depending on value e.g. eliminate or control noise risks, provide hearing protection, use noise-control equipment.
- lower exposure (action value): average daily or weekly noise exposure level of 80dB
- upper exposure (action value): average daily or weekly noise exposure level of 85dB

LIMIT value (levels of noise exposure which mustn’t be exceeded):
- daily or weekly exposure of 87 dB

(https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/employers.htm#:~:text=The%20Control%20of%20Noise%20at,duties%20under%20the%20Regulations%20too.)

45
Q

Are you aware of any recent amendments to the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005?

A
  • The Fire Safety Act 2021 received Royal Assent in 2021.
  • It amends the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 with the intention of improving fire safety in multi-occupancy domestic premises.
46
Q

Can you detail some of the key changes as a result of The Fire Safety Act 2021 coming into legislation?

A
  • Clarifies who is accountable for reducing the risk of fires.
  • A “Responsible Person” e.g. manager of a multi-occupied residential building must assess and mitigate the fire safety risk associated with
    [1] structure and external walls,
    [2] entrance doors to individual flats and communal parts of a building.
  • Fire risk assessment must be updated to cover both areas. The “Responsible Person” can appoint a fire risk assessor to assist with compliance.
  • Failure to comply can result in enforcement action taken against the “Responsible Person”.
47
Q

Does RICS publish any information on how to execute your role safely?

A

Surveying safely - 2nd edition, November 2018.

48
Q

What is the purpose of “Surveying safely”?

A

Sets out basic, good practice principles for the management of H&S for RICS-regulated firms and RICS members, e.g. health and safety responsibilities.

49
Q

Is “Surveying safely” RICS regulation or guidance?

A

Guidance.

50
Q

What is the concept of a “safe person”, as outlined in RICS Surveying safely, 2018?

A

Assume responsibility for their own, their colleagues’ and other’s H&S at work.

51
Q

What are the key points of CDM Regulations?

A

The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015:
- Ensures clients, designers, contractors, others consider the H&S of those constructing, maintaining and demolishing the works.
- Places statutory duties on clients, principal designer, designers, contractors to plan, manage and coordinate H&S throughout the project.
- Improves safety on-site through design, planning and management.

52
Q

Who are the key duty holders under CDM 2015?

A
  • Domestic client
  • Client
  • Principal designer
  • Designers
  • Principal contractor
  • Contractors
  • Workers
53
Q

Under CDM, what are commercial clients?

A

Organisations or individuals for whom a construction project is carried out as part of a business.

54
Q

Under CDM, what are domestic clients?

A

People who have construction work done on their own home (or the home of a family member) that is not done as part of a business.

55
Q

Under the CDM, who must make suitable arrangements for managing a project, including the allocation of sufficient time and other resources?

A

The Client.

56
Q

How does CDM apply to domestic clients with no contractors?

A
  • CDM 2015 applies if the work is carried out by someone else on the domestic client’s behalf
  • If the householder carries out the work themselves, it is classed as “DIY” and CDM 2015 does not apply.
57
Q

Who are the designers under CDM?

A

Organisations or individuals who as part of a business, prepare or modify designs for a building, product or system relating to construction work.
Designers provide information to the rest of the project team to help them fulfil their duties

When preparing or modifying designs, they eliminate, reduce or control foreseeable risks that may arise during:
- construction
- maintenance and use of a building

58
Q

What is the role of the principal designer?

A
  • Plan, manage, monitor and coordinate health and safety in the pre-construction phase.
  • Help and advise the client in bringing together pre-construction information and provide the information designers and contractors need to carry out their duties.
  • Liaise with the principal contractor, keeping them informed of any risks that need to be controlled during the construction phase.

XXX

59
Q

What is the role of the principal contractor?

A
  • Plan, manage, monitor and coordinate health and safety during the construction phase.
  • Liaise with the client and principal designer for the duration of the project to ensure that all risks are effectively managed.
  • Liaise with the principal designer to share any information relevant to the planning, management, monitoring and coordination of the pre-construction phase.

XXX

60
Q

What is the F10 notification?

A

A form sent to the HSE to notify them of a relevant construction project.

61
Q

When is a project notifiable to the HSE under CDM regulations?

A

If the construction work is expected to:
- Last longer than 30 working days and have more than 20 workers working at the same time at any point on the project or,
- Exceed 500 person days.

62
Q

Who issues the F10?

A

This is the Client’s responsibility, however the F10 is often delegated to the principal designer or H&S advisor.

63
Q

What is pre-construction information (PCI)?

A

According to the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015, PCI is

  • Information in the client’s possession relevant to the construction work.
  • The client provides it as soon as is practicable to every designer and contractor appointed, or being considered for appointment.
  • Enables prospective contractors to be fully aware of the project’s H&S and welfare requirements, which they can account for in their tender submissions.
64
Q

What is included in the pre-construction information document (PCI)?

A

Information about:
- project, e.g. description of works
- planning and management of the project
- H&S hazards (incl. design & construction hazards and how they’ll be addressed)
- information in any existing health and safety file

65
Q

What is the Health & Safety File?

A
  • Document containing information needed for future construction work (cleaning, maintenance, alterations, refurbishment and demolition works).
  • Essential to alert parties carrying out future works of any H&S risks that should be considered in the planning or carrying out of such works.

XXX

  • All parties should ensure information for inclusion in H&S file is accurate, relevant and promptly provided.
66
Q

What should the Health & Safety File include?

A
  • Brief description of the work carried out.
  • Any hazards associated with the materials used (e.g. special coatings which shouldn’t be burnt off)
  • Information regarding the removal of dismantling of installed plant and equipment.
  • Nature, location and markings of significant services, including underground cables, gas.
  • Residual hazards and how they have been dealt with (e.g. surveys or other information regarding asbestos, contaminated land etc)
67
Q

Who should the principal designer pass the Health & Safety File onto when the project reaches completion?

A

The client and end user.

68
Q

Would you visit site alone?

A

No, I would always go round site with someone from the contractor side as site is a constantly changing environment.

69
Q

How can you tell if scaffolding is safe?

A

I would check for scaffolding safety tags on the scaffolding before climbing it.

70
Q

What is the role of a QS under CDM?

A

Ensure there’s enough money for safety-related building elements. E.g. the BMU on Project Vista protects H&S of cleaners who would otherwise have to work at ridiculous heights.

James' APC Revision (10 decks)

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