Health and Immunity Flashcards
What is sickness behaviour?
it is behaviour and cognitive changes that accompany physical changes that accompany physical illness.
It can also represent a motivational state represent individuals cope with infection
What is psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the interaction between the mind and the brain.
Ones psychological state can interact with the immune system, and the immune system interacts with the brain
The brain and the immune system have?
Bidirectional communication
What is the immune system?
It is the system responsible for protecting your body from microbial overgrowth. Monitors the internal environment for signs of invasion. Highly regulated for optimal function
How does the immune system work?
The immune system is decentralized meaning immune cells that flow through blood stream and act directly where they are needed.
The spleen, lymph nodes, thymes, and bone marrow act as factories and repositories for immune cells.
How does the immune system organize its functions?
Chemical communication
What are the 2 basic divisions of the immune system?
- The innate immune system: what you are born with
- The adaptive immune system:
- Cell mediated immunity (T cells)
- Antibody mediated immunity (B cells)
The innate system activates the different divisions of the adaptive immune system
How do various branches of the immune system communicate?
They communicate through chemical messengers called cytokines.
What is the innate immune system used for/How does it work?
It is used for “general purpose” immunity. This immune system uses macrophages, that have receptors on their membranes, to bind to pathogens and trigger phagocytosis.
When this system is activated its cells release cytokines
What is the adaptive immune system used for/how does it work?
The adaptive immune system is involves 2 sets of leukocytes (white blood cells)
-T cells
-B cells
What are T cells and what do they do?
Cell mediated Immunity
T cells are names T cells because they are made in the thymus. They are activated by cytokine signals. T cells proliferate and develop into a form that attacks body cells that have been infected.
What are B cells and what do they do?
Antibody mediated immunity
B cells are given their name because they are made in the bone marrow. B cells produce antibodies that bind on to pathogens to kill/deactivate them.
What is the order of the immune response?
- After Phagocytosis, macrophages release cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1)
- Then IL-1 stimulates T helper cells which then release interleukin-2 (IL-2)
- IL-2 induces proliferation and development of antibody producing B cells and cytotoxic T cells
What else do cytokines do
Cytokines also:
-trigger inflammatory response
-attract more innate immune cells
-activate the adaptive immune system
What are cytokines?
Cytokines are molecules that coordinate immune response. They tell the body it is under attack.
