health and disease

Question 1

make plan for 40 obese people and diet

Answer 1

weigh 40 obese
half diet half normal
after 30 days re weigh

Question 2

guy 1 has better BMI less fat and more excercise than guy 2

explain why guy 2 has more chance of getting cardiovascular disease

Answer 2

Higher BMI so less blood flow to heart

Question 3

explain why smoking lead to cardiovascular disease

Answer 3

damage to aveoli so less surface area for lungs for gas exchange

fatty deposits to arteries so more likely stroke

nictotine imcrease heart rate and blood pressure

more chance of blood clotting

Question 4

explain immunity

Answer 4

white blood cells produce antibodies for that antigen so next time get it memory lymphocytes are produced which provides immunity

Question 5

explain the effect on penicillin on bacterial and human cells

Answer 5

prevents bacteria from splitting to make a new cell wall and human dont have cell wall so unaffected

Question 6

red blood cell used for blood transfusion
explain why storage solution solutes needs to be same as red blood cell solutes

Answer 6

prevent water moving in or out the red blood cell by osmosis which could damage the cell

Question 7

vector def

Answer 7

organisms that can carry on pass on disease without catching it) mosquito

Question 8

how can the spread of cd be reduced

Answer 8

killing vectors
isolating individuals
hygiene

Question 9

white blood cell what does it do

Answer 9

white blood cells track
bind engulf (phagocytosis)

anti toxins bind and counteract toxins

antibodies for that antigen which bind and destroy antigens

Question 10

monoclonal antibodies core prac

Answer 10

inject animal (mouse) with antigen that we want our antibodies to bind to

let animal develop immune response then isolate their b-lymphocytes

combine those blymphocytes with fast dividing tumour cells to form hybridoma cells

let hybridoma Cells to divide rapidly in a petri dish

collect and purify the antibodies they produce

Question 11

what is an STD and symptoms and how cure

Answer 11

bacteria

pain when piss
yellow/green discharge

use antibiotics like peneicillin

Question 12

what is malaria

Answer 12

protist

form mosquitoes

stop by destroying mosquito breeding sites
use mosquito repellent
kill mosquito with insect icicles

Question 13

human physical and chem barrier and function

Answer 13

cilia- ciliated cells. The ciliated cells waft their hairs move mucus and pathogens upwards towards the throat where it is swallowed into your stomach.

goblet cells- create the mucus in order to trap pathogens. The production of mucus in your airways is a physical barrier.

mucus. This traps pathogens before they can enter the lungs.

skin-secretes oil and covers whole body physically stopping pathogens entering

hydrochloric acid- strong enough to kill any pathogens that have been caught in mucus in the airways or consumed in food or water

Question 14

rose black spot

Answer 14

fungal disease
purple black spots on leaves that turn yellow nd fall off
reduces photosynthesis
spray infected with fungicides

Question 15

physical plsnt cahnges from disease

Answer 15

stunted growth
discolour
patches of decay
abnormal growth

Question 16

explain how gastric band helps person loose weight

Answer 16

• reduces the volume of the stomach
  (1)
• so it reduces food intake (1)
• so stored {fat/lipids} is used up (1

Question 17

explain 2 precautions a doctor should take when treating a patient who is infected with streptococcus

Answer 17

wash hands after contact (1)
* avoid direct contact / wear
{gloves/protective clothes} (1)
* wear a (protective) mask (1)
* sterilise equipment {before
/after} use (1)

Question 18

explain why the antibiotic myxopyronin can be used to treat bacterial infections in humans

Answer 18

antibiotics destroy bacteria /
prevent them reproducing

• doesn’t affect human cells
  cells
• prevents production of mRNA
• during transcription
• no protein
  synthesis

Question 19

describe how scientist could determine the effectiveness of myxopronin on 2 species of bacteria

Answer 19

spread the bacteria on a different agar plate,
add myxopyronin discs and incubate the
plates (1)
compare the zone of
inhibition (1)

Question 20

describe lytic pathway and how causes spread

Answer 20

Lytic lifecycle

• virus binds to host cells
• inserts genetic material into the host cell
• use the cells machinery to produce viral proteins
• use the cells machinery to produce nucleic acids
• components assemble into new viral particles
• viruses exit the cell through the host cell membrane
• or causes lysis of the host cell
• allows production of many virus particles
  Spread of infection
• virus particles leave the host
• virus released into body fluids
• spread through airborne droplets/contact
• allowing spread to another host