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astronamy Flashcards

1
Q

Herschel is a suitable name for an infrared telescope because

A

he discovered infrared radiation

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2
Q

explain why the distance from the distance between the moon and Hubble telescope changes

A

one moves faster than the other and overtakes it

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3
Q

describe what is meant by big bang theory

A

universe tiny and hot and explodes causing the expansion of universe

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4
Q

A refracting telescope uses a converging lens to form an image of a distant
object.
Describe how a reflecting telescope forms an image of a distant object.

A

a mirror
which is converging

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5
Q

State what the eyepiece of a telescope is intended to do to the image

A

magnify it

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6
Q

Describe the evidence both for the geocentric model and against the geocentric
model.

A

evidence for
sun moon stars and planets move across the sky in same direction
everyday

evidence against
planets dont move in a simple path
movement of sun isnt same everyday
moons of jupiter appear to orbit jupiter

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7
Q

describe the formation of star from nebula to main sequence

A

gravity causes the neubula to collapse causing the temp to increase pulling the particles together forming a protostar

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8
Q

explain why u would draw a line closer to red to show how the universe is further away

A

the greater the red shift the further it is moving away

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9
Q

CMBR

A

cosmic microwave background information

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10
Q

Describe one method they use to search for signs of life on the planet Mars

A

lander which collects samples like rock and analysis the climate atmosphere and any sign of water

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11
Q

Explain why telescopes that search for planets are not on the Earth’s surface

A

because of the atmosphere( light pollution)
clouds in the way
not affected by the earths rotation

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12
Q

Describe how the sun reached its main sequence star

A

In a neubula particles come together by gravity
Ke transferred to thermal energy which forms a protostar
Until hot enough to start nuclear fusion

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13
Q

Why does knowing the age of the oldest star not enough to tell scientisits the age of universe

A

The universe is older than the oldest star
Stars where formed after the big bang

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14
Q

Explain what red shift is and how it provides evidence that the universe is expanding

A

Red shift shows galaxy moving away from us
Greater red shift moving away faster and further
All galaxy show red shift
Red shift shows decrease in frequency

Light shifted to red end of spectrum
Decrease in frequency means source moving away from us
Light waves are stretched so wavelength increases

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15
Q

Describe methods scientists have used to help search in our solar system and rest of universe for imtelligent life

A

In our solar system
Use of telescopes to search for evidence of life(water)
Manned missions
Unmanned missions like landers to recover sample soil

Throughout the universe
SETI
Use radio telescopes
Search for radio signals
Search for other planetary systems
Broadcasting signals

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16
Q

CMB is supported by

A

The big bang theory

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17
Q

Red shift defi

A

The change in frequency or wavelength of light

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18
Q

astronomers study distant Galaxy’s they notice changes to the waves they observe
describe the changes to the waves they observe

A

Wavelent increases
frequency decreases

19
Q

Describe the message scientists have used to help with this search in our Solar System and the rest of the universe

A

Telescopes search for evidence of conditions needed for life like water
manned emissions
unmanned missions using Landers

throughout the universe
search for extra terrestrial
intelligence

use of radio telescopes search for radio signals search for other planetary systems discovery of othder planetary systems broadcasting signals

20
Q

State evidence that astronomers have observed to support the big bang theory for the origin of the universe

A

Red shift
universe expanding
cmb

21
Q

Describe the life cycle from birth to death of a star thy similar in mass to our of sun

A

Nebula
Cloud of dust and gas
Pulled together or collapsed by gravitational forces

Main sequence star
Stable
Nuclear fusion
Huge amounts of heat and light
Millions of years

Gaint
Hydrogen runs out
Star expands
Gets colder
Outward forces decrease
Uses up all helium

White dwarf
Eventually collapses
Due to own gravity
Becomes smaller and dense

Black dwarf

22
Q

What is a supernova

A

The explosion for a massive star

23
Q

Explain how using different telescopes gives us us a better understanding of the universe

A

Ovary of objects not detectable by visible light

More information can be collected

Different electromagnetic waste can give differentypes of information

Magnified images

Produce Clearer images unaffected by Earth’s atmosphere

24
Q

The spitzer telescope stays behind the earth to hide from the sun

Why

A

Spitzer uses infrared
Imfrared is heat
Small amounts of infrared wont be detected if sun in the way

25
Q

Why do they use light years

A

Stars so distant so large unit needed

26
Q

Describe benefit of using tele scope in space

A

No light pollution
No dust pollution
Above the clouds so no weather

27
Q

Describe how tele scope helped us undertsand universe

A

Collects more info/waves

Greater magnification

Other regions of em spectrum used

28
Q

Why are radio telescopes placed up high up

A

1mm waves are in the microwave region

Which is absorbed by atmosphere

Space flight eneabled to be put above atmosphere

29
Q

Why did scientists had to wait until development of space flight before they could study radiation

A

Light might be shifted into infrared region
Infrared is absorbed by atmosphere

30
Q

describe how careful observation of electromagnetic of electromagnetic radiation from distant Galaxy’s as well as from the whole of space gave evidence support in the big Bang theory

A

Visible light led to discovery of red shift
Galaxy moving away
CMBR detected in radio telescopes
Big bang explain red shift but steady state doesnt

Red shift lower frequency longer wavelength
Greatest for most distant galaxies

31
Q

Why telescopes help us undertand universe

A

Improved quality
More info
Detection of waves that are not visible
Technology helos us collect more data (reflecting telescope)

32
Q

Explain why at the time geocentric was valid

A

No telescope
Indicated sun move across the sly everyday

33
Q

How do light waves enable us to see venus

A

Sun to venus to earth

34
Q

What did galileo use his telescope to observe about jupiter

A

The moons which support heliocentric

35
Q

How reflecting telescope is different from normal one galileo used

A

Ref has mirrors
G has only lenses

36
Q

Why have we landed on the moon but not mars

A

Mars is further away

37
Q

Explain why the has and dust come together to form a hot object

A

Pulled together by gravity
Ke turns into thermal

38
Q

Type of radiation that can reach the surface of earth from stars

A

Radio
Visible
Micro

39
Q

Type of radiation from stars that cant be detected from earth but can by staelites

A

X ray
Gamma ray

40
Q

Scientist use methods for life beyond earth
State problems

A

Method
Space probe
Seti
Soil experiment
Telescope

Problem
Expensive
To long to communicate
Large distances

41
Q

Explain how the balance between thermal expansion and
gravity affects the life cycle of stars

A

Gravity acts to pull the star in on itself and crush it, the heat acts to expand the gas cloud that makes up the star.

42
Q

Explain how the discovery of the CMB radiation led to the Big
Bang theory becoming the currently accepted model

A

the universe should be filled with radiation that is literally the remnant heat left over from the Big Bang

43
Q

Explain how, for a stable orbit, the radius must change if
orbital speed changes

A

order to change orbital speed, in order to change orbital speed, an object must change the radius of its orbit at the same time, to maintain a stable orbit.

44
Q

Big bang theory
Explain how it shows

The universe is expanding
Universe began at single point

A

Expansion
Red shift
Light from.distant galaxy
Shifted to red side of spectrum
Wavelength is longer
Doppler effect cahnge in frequency and wavelength

Begin at point
Cmbr
Microwave radiation left
Detected all over the sky
Microwaves because of cooling

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