Health 9 Flashcards
Tobacco
plant used to produce cigarettes and other products that contain nicotine
Nicotine
addictive and toxic substance in tobacco products
6 methods of using tobacco
1-cigarettes
2-cigars
3-pipes
4-electronic cigarettes
5-Hookah
6-smokeless tobacco
How nicotine effects cardiovascular system
-Nicotine enters the bloodstream
-Adrenaline releases
-heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing increase
-Heart has to work harder
-Nicotine constricts blood vessels
-causes cholesterol to easily build up in arteries
-Increased risk of stroke and heart attack
How carbon monoxide effects cardiovascular system
When inhaled is negatively effects cells ability to carry oxygen
carbon monoxide
poisonous gas found in cigarette smoke
How smoking impacts respiratory system
tar builds up in the lungs causing the cilia to struggle to clear foreign particles
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and examples
group of diseases that cause difficulty to breath
-Chronic bronchitis
-Emphysema
-Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
-smoking causes mucous membrane in the lung’s bronchial passages to become inflamed which narrows the pathway to lungs
-hard to breath
Emphysema
-disease that permanently enlarges lung airways and destroys lung tissues (where oxygen and carbon dioxide are traded during breathing)
-hard to breath
Asthma
-chronic disease caused by blockages of
airflow to and from the lungs
-smoking triggers asthma attacks bc it irritates airway lining
carcinogens
-cancer causing agents that lead to abnormal cell growth
-tobacco contains 70
appearance
-wrinkles
-stained teeth
-brittle nails
-bad breath
-thin hair
-smell like smoke
Smokeless tobacco examples
chewing tobacco, snuff, and dissolvable tobacco
Smoking effects (random)
-Hard to engage in physical activity
-Weaker immune system
-tumors grow
Hazards of smokeless tobacco
1.) leukoplakia-thick, white, leathery spots in the mouth that can turn into cancer
2.) smokeless tobacco is often placed directly into mouth so users absorb more nicotine
People who are exposed to second hand smoke
have a greater risk of heart disease or lung cancer
Pregnant woman and smoking
1.) carbon monoxide and nicotine reach the fetus causing increased heart rate and lack of oxygen
2.) increased risk of
-miscarriages
-premature births
-low birth weight
-SIDS (sudden baby death)
Children exposed to second hand smoke
-respiratory problems ex. asthma attacks
-sore throats
-ear infections
-develop smoking habits themselves
Smoking while pregnant and children
Smoking while pregnant in linked to children being born with behavior related issues like ADHD, hyperactivity, aggression
Smokers who develop COPD have a combination of what two diseases
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
substance abuse
use of a drug or intentional misuse of medication
addiction
physical and phycological need for a substance or behavior
stages of substance abuse
1-experimentation
2-regular use
3-tolerance
4-dependence and addiction
withdrawal
unpleasant physical or phycological symptoms that occur with attempting to stop using a substance
withdrawal symptoms
1-irritability
2-difficulty concentrating
3-fatigue
4-nausea
5-weight gain
6-intense cravings
How is teens exploring a new identity lead to addiction
-want to feel mature or sophisticated
-want to feel rebellious or tough
Social factors
-Parents
-friends
-media
parents factor
if against smoking, set expectations, and not open-minded to smoking then teens more likely not to smoke
friends factor
if your friends smoke you’re more likely to smoke because you’re around it often and offered it more
media factor
celebs are role models so if they smoke teens might imitate that to be like them
experimentation
-“just trying it”
regular use
-gradually increase substance use and then develop a regular pattern of using it
tolerance
-body needs more of the substance in order to experience its effects
dependence and addiction
physical dependence-body relies on a certain amount of substance to function “normally”
psychological dependence-people believe that they need the substance to feel “normal”
How to break addiction
-Nicotine replacement
-Medications
-Self management
Nicotine replacement-
gradually lessen nicotine usage by using gum or patches which lessens withdrawal symptoms
Medications for breaking addiction
medications that stimulate dopamine to make people experience same kind of effects of nicotine
Self management strategies
Identify situations where you will be tempted and
-Stimulus control: avoiding situations that could lead to drug use
-Response substitution: train themselves to respond to stress with healthy coping methods
Extra ways to stop addiction
-counseling
-telephone helplines
-talk to trusted adults
-online resources
Government prevention strategies and why they work
- Banning of Sale of tobacco products (18+ and none in vending machines)
- Banning smoking in public places (hard to find a place to smoke and less triggers)
- Increase cigarette tax (people can’t afford both cigarettes and other needs)
- Warning labels (people might second guess buying)
How does mass media and anti smoking campaigns help prevention
they often emphasize
-long term health effects
-damage to appearance
-refusal skills
-most teens don’t smoke
Refusal skills
-don’t be around smokers
-let people know you don’t associate with smoking
-explain why (health damages)
-refuse to give in
-analyze tobacco ads bc they change products to make themselves appeal to teens
Prevention
- Government strategies
- Mass Media anti-smoking campaigns
