Healing

Question 0

What are the 3 phases of healing?

Answer 0

Inflammation
Proliferation (fibroblastic remodelling)
Maturation (differs for every individual)

Question 1

What factors impede healing?

Answer 1

Age
Nutrition
Health Status of individual (ie.diabetes)
Medications (ie. anti-coagulants, corticosteroids, NSAIDs)

Question 2

How do you describe the inflammatory phase?

Answer 2

Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Loss of Function

Question 3

What is the 1st mechanism of the inflammatory phase?

Answer 3

Local vasoconstriction

-reduction in volume of blood flow promotes increased blood cell viscosity or resistance to flow

Question 4

What is the 2nd mechanism of the inflammatory phase?

Answer 4

Platelet Retraction

• provokes clotting as individual cells combine w/each other & fibrin to form mechanical plug
• prevents invasion from other foreign bodies & bacteria

Question 5

What is the 3rd mechanism of the inflammatory phase?

Answer 5

Vasodilation

• brings neutrophils & macrophages to rid the area of debris & infectious agents through phagocytosis
• ⬆️ blood flow to area causes swelling
• hematoma develops

Question 6

What happens during the Proliferation phase?

Answer 6

Involves repair & regeneration of injured tissue & takes approx. 3 days post injury through the next 3-6 weeks

• new blood vessels develop (angiogenesis)
• fibrous tissue formation (fibroplasia)
• generation of new epithelial tissues (re-epithelialization)
• wound contraction

Question 7

What happens during the Maturation phase?

Answer 7

Involves maturation of newly formed tissue into scar tissue

• fibroblastic activity
• increased organization
• decreased tissue water content
• reduced vascularity
• return to normal histochemical activity

Question 8

Scar tissue tends to be….

Answer 8

Fibrous
Inelastic
Non-vascular
Less strong & less functional than original tissues
Development of scar typically causes wounds to shrink, resulting in ⬇️ flexibility of affected tissues

Question 9

What is proprioception?

Answer 9

Ability to determine the position of a joint in space

Question 10

What is Kinesthesia?

Answer 10

Ability to detect movement

Question 11

What is Physiological Movement?

Answer 11

Results from active muscle contraction which are voluntary

Flex, ext, rot, abd, add

Question 12

What are Accessory Movements?

Answer 12

Manner in which one articulating surface moves relative to the other (roll,spin,glide)
Necessary for full ROM to take place

Question 13

What is a concentric muscle contraction?

Answer 13

Muscle fibres contract while shortening

Question 14

What is eccentric muscle contraction?

Answer 14

Muscle fibre contract while lengthening
- critical for deceleration of limb motion
( baseball pitchers need eccentric lateral rot. strengthening
-also use plyometric
-very tough on tissue & is done in the maturation/remodelling stage

Question 15

What is isokinetic muscle contractions?

Answer 15

Fixed speed w/ accommodating resistance
Incorporated during the later stages of proliferation phase
Can also be used for objective measurements of strength, endurance & power ratios

Question 16

When are isometric contractions used?

Answer 16

• Early stages of rehab (after inflammation) & during immobilization
• Useful when full ROM will do further damage to injured tissue
• Increase static strength
• muscle pumping action (I.e. W/ankle swelling)

Question 17

What type of tissues heal fastest?

Answer 17

Skeletal muscle