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Conditions (2nd year) > Conditions Of The Face > Flashcards

Conditions Of The Face Flashcards

0
Q

Temporomanibular Joint S&Sx

A

Inability to open mouth (normal=40 mm)
Deviation of jaw to side of injury on opening & biting
Malocclusion, joint noise or inability to close mouth

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1
Q

Temporalmanibular Joint Etiology

A

TMJ is a sliding hinge joint
Injury occurs when a blow to the mandible transmits force to condylar
Injuries may involve intracapsular bleeding, inflammation of ligament, meniscal displacement, subluxation/dislocation/#

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2
Q

Temporomanibular Joint Management

A

Ice to control swelling
Immobilize jaw w/ bandage
Refrain from opening mouth for 7-10 days
Refer to dentist

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3
Q

Zygomatic # S&Sx

A

Flat or depressed appearance of the cheek
Swelling & periorbital ecchymosis about the eye may occlude vision & hide damage of orbit
Double vision, parathesia/anathesia
Usually epitaxis (nose bleed)

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4
Q

Zygomatic # Management

A

Crushed ice pack over area to control swelling
No compression or pressure
Refer to MD
R/O concussion

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5
Q

Epitaxis Etiology

A

Common but 40% of adults require medical attention
Due to:
-picking nose
-facial trauma 2nd blunt facial impact of MVA
-mucosal hyperaemia 2nd to allergic or vitals rhinitis
-presence of foreign body

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6
Q

Epitaxis S&Sx

A

Originates from superficial blood vessels

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7
Q

Epitaxis Management

A

Apply pressure to nasal bone for 10-15 mins
Pt. mouth breathing & leaning forward
Ice can be applied to dorsum of nose & back of neck

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8
Q

Deviated Septum Etiology

A

Partition btwn R&L sides of the nose
May be congenital & asymptomatic
Often caused by nasal trauma
Leads to difficult breathing

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9
Q

Deviated Septum S&Sx

A

Consistent difference in airflow btwn 2 sides of the nose when one nostril is blocked
Pen light will help

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10
Q

Deviated Septum Management

A

Refer to MD for further evaluation

Surgery

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11
Q

Nasal # Etiology

A

Most common # bone in adult face

Persistent or profuse bleeding may indicate a complex nasal #

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12
Q

Zygomatic # S&Sx

A

Epitaxis is always present
Nose may look flattened & lose symmetry
Nasal airway may become obstructed w/bony fragments
# can extend to cranial region, loss of CSF
Crepitus over nasal bridge & ecchymosis under eye

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13
Q

Mouth Lacerations Etiology

A

Trauma can lead to lacerations of face, lips, tongue or internal buccal cavities

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14
Q

Mouth Lacerations S&Sx

A

Bleeding is often profuse

Lacerated tissue may appear swollen w/jagged edges

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15
Q

Mouth Lacerations Management

A

Apply direct pressure to stop bleeding
Clean w/saline or clean water
May require suturing if lip is punctured/involves the tongue
Not allowed to RTP until wound is healed

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16
Q

Loose Teeth Etiology

A

Direct trauma

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17
Q

Loose teeth S&Sx

A

Loosened tooth may be partially displaced, intruded (pushed into socket), extruded (partially out), luxated (pushed sideways)
Blood is usually involved

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18
Q

Loose teeth management

A

When tooth extruded or luxated the examiner should try to place the tooth back to normal position w/o force
Teeth which are intruded should be left alone or permanent damage may result
Emerg dentist ASAP

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19
Q

Fractured Tooth Etiology

A

Direct trauma
Mouth guards reduce fractures
R/O concussions & spinal injuries

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20
Q

Fractured Tooth S&Sx

A 
# may occur through enamel, dentin, pulp or root of tooth 
# to enamel causes no symptoms, can be smoothed by dentist to prevent injury to lips & oral cavity
# to dentin cause pain & increase sensitivity to cold & heat
# to pulp or root lead to severe pain & sensitivity
21
Q

Fractured Tooth Management

A

Refer to dentist

22
Q

What are some RED FLAGS when it comes to Ear conditions?

A

Bleeding/CSF from ear
Feeling of fullness in ear;vertigo
Bleeding/swelling behind ear (battle sign)
Foreign body in the ear which cannot be removed easily
Hematoma or swelling that removes the creases of outer ear
Popping or itching the ear
Tinnitus or hearing impairment
Pain when earlobe is pulled

23
Q

External Ear Conditions Etiology

A 
Auricular hematoma (cauliflower ear) caused by repeated blunt trauma that pulls cartilage away from perichondrium
Hematoma forms btwn perichondrium & cartilage of ear & compromises blood supply to cartilage 
Common in wrestlers who do not wear head gear
24
Q

External Ear Conditions S&Sx

A

Outer ear is red, puffy & swollen

If left untreated, hematoma forms fibrosis in overlying skin leading to necrosis of Auricular cartilage

25
Q

External Ear Conditions Management

A

Icing
If swelling, refer to MD for draining
Wear protective head gear

26
Q

Internal Ear Conditions Etiology

A 
Blow to ear
Pressure changes (diving/scuba diving)
Infection (may damage the external auditory eardrum)
27
Q

Internal Ear Conditions S&Sx

A

Intense pain in ear, feeling of fullness, nausea, tinnitus, dizziness or loss of hearing

28
Q

Internal Ear Conditions Management

A

Elevated by MD
Most minor ruptures of eardrum heal spontaneously
Larger ruptures may require surgical repair

29
Q

Otitis Externa Etiology

A

Bacterial infection that involves lining of external auditory canal
Higher prevalence among water sport athletes
Occurs in individual who fails to dry ear canals

30
Q

Otitis Externa S&Sx

A

Pain in acute cases
Itching in chronic cases w/discomfort & pain 2nd
May/may not be a discharge of pus
Gentle pressure around auditory opening & pulling on the pinna causes increase pain
Left untreated, infection can spread to middle ear causing balance disturbances/hearing loss

31
Q

Otitis Externa Management

A

Custom ear plugs
Ear drops that contain an acidifying agent, either aluminum acetate or vinegar
Homemade remedy

32
Q

RED FLAGS for Eye Conditions

A

Visual disturbances or loss of vision
Blood in anterior chamber
Unequal pupils/bilateral dilated pupils
Irregular eye movement/failure to adjust to light
Severe ecchymosis & swelling (raccoon eyes)

33
Q

Periorbital Ecchymosis Etiology

A

Direct trauma to external eye region

Area high vascularity & when impacted can produce capillary bleeding in tissue space

34
Q

Periorbital Ecchymosis S&Sx

A

Significant swelling & hemorrhage in surrounding eyelids

Impact can lead to faulty vision

35
Q

Periorbital Ecchymosis Management

A 
Inspection for obvious abnormalities 
Palpation of orbit for # 
Pupillary response to light 
Ice application 
Referral to eye specialist to R/O # or injury to globe
36
Q

Foreign Bodies Etiology

A

Dust/dirt is frequent occurrence

37
Q

Foreign Bodies S&Sx

A

Intense pain & tearing

Individual may attempt to remove substance by rubbing eyes

38
Q

Foreign Bodies Management

A

If body not embedded, should be removed

Inspect cornea for scratches, abrasions or lacerations

39
Q

Sty Etiology

A

Infection of sebaceous gland & caused by bacteria

Improper/incomplete removal of eye make-up, use of out dated or infected, poor eyelid hygiene

40
Q

Sty S&Sx

A

Red nodule that will progress into painful pustule
Painful to touch & may elicit a scratchy sensation on eyeball
Crusting of eyelid margins, burning in eye, blurred vision & mucous discharge

41
Q

Sty Management

A

Warm, moist compass to the eye

Pustule doesn’t improve within 2 days refer to MD

42
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage Etiology

A

Direct trauma

More common in individual w/ high BP

43
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage S&Sx

A

Several small capillaries rupture, making the white sclera of eye appear red, blotchy, inflamed

44
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage Management

A

Harmless condition requires no Rx & resolves spontaneously in 1-3 weeks
If blurred vision, pain, limited eye movement or blood in anterior chambers is present refer to ophthalmologist

45
Q

Hemorrhage in Anterior Chamber Etiology

A

Hyphema usually results from blunt trauma caused by small ball, hockey puck/stick

46
Q

Hemorrhage in Anterior Chamber S&Sx

A

Red tinge in anterior chamber within few hours blood begins to settle into anterior chamber giving eye presence of a meniscus

47
Q

Hemorrhage in Anterior Chamber Management

A

Patch both eyes
Immediate referral
Activate EAP
Conditions require hospitalization, bed rest, bilateral patching of eye & sedation

48
Q

Detached Retina Etiology

A

Damage to posterior segment of eye can occur w/ or w/o trauma
Detached retina occurs when fluid seeps into retinal break & separates the nerosensory retina from the retinal epithelium
Can take days or weeks following initial trauma

49
Q

Detached Retina S&Sx

A 
Results in (+) scotoma (blind spot) at edge of visual field 
As detachment progress, individual frequently describes conductor ad a 'curtain over their eyes'
50
Q

Detached Retina Management

A

Patch both eyes & immediate referral to an ophthalmologist b/c surgery is often necessary

51
Q

Orbital Blowout # Etiology

A

Caused by blunt force to eye or impact force that drives the orbital contents posteriorly against orbital wall
Increase pressure is released to area of least resistance, typically inferior orbital floor

Conditions (2nd year) (6 decks)

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