Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Conditions (2nd year) > Conditions Of The Elbow & Forearm > Flashcards

Conditions Of The Elbow & Forearm Flashcards

0
Q

What are the actions of the Humeroulnar Joint?

A

Flexion & Extension

Women = 5* - 15* hyperextension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What type of joint is the Humeroulnar Joint?

A

Hinge Joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the closed pack position of the Humeroulnar Joint?

A

Extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where do you find the Humeroradial Joint?

A

Between spherical capitulum & proximal radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Closed packed Position of the Humeroradial Joint?

A

Elbow at 90* & forearm, supinated 5*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a carrying angle?

A

Angle between long axis of humerus & ulna when arm is in anatomical position
Males = 5-10*
Females = 10-15*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the functions of the elbow?

A

Mobility

Stability - modified hinge joint that encompasses 3 articulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 articulations of the Elbow?

A

Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal Radioulnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What muscles contribute to FLEXION of the arm?

A 
Brachialis
Biceps Brachii
Brachioradialis 
FCU
FDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What muscles contribute to elbow EXTENSION?

A

Triceps

Anconeous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What muscles contribute to PRONATION?

A

Pronator Quadratus

Pronator Teres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What muscles contribute to SUPINATION?

A

Supinator

Biceps Brachii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contusions Etiology

A

Direct blows to arm/forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Contusions S&Sx

A

Ecchymosis
Myositis ossification
Tacklers exostosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contusions Management

A

PIER

Avoid aggressive strengthening/stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Tacklers Exostosis.

A

Anterolateral proximal humeral cortex after repeated injuries cause periosteal stripping & new bone formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Myositis Ossification?

A

Separated from cortex, occurring in muscle belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Olecranon Bursitis MOI

A

Fall on flexed elbow
Constantly leaning on elbow
Repetitive pressure & friction, flexion & extension
Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acute & Chronic Bursitis MOI

A

Fall on flexed elbow

Constantly leaning on elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acute & Chronic Bursitis S&Sx

A

Immediate, tender, swollen area of redness
If bursa ruptures, discrete, sharply demarcated goose egg is visible
Limited ROM at end of flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acute & Chronic Bursitis Management

A 
PIER 
Compressive wrap
Chronic- cryotherapy, NSAIDs 
             - elbow cushions
             - bursa may be aspirated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Septic & Non-septic Bursitis MOI

A

Infection in absence of trauma
Septic bursitis maybe related to seeding from infection at a distant site
Non-septic (RA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Septic & Non-septic Bursitis S&Sx

A

Infection: malaise, fever, pain, localized heat, restricted ROM, tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Septic & Non-septic Bursitis Management

A

Refer to MD
Aspiration to culture
Sling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Collateral Ligament Sprain MOI
Rare FOOSH Repetitive tensile forces irritate & tear lig't part of UCL If UCL is damaged, ulnar nerve may have damage
25
Collateral Ligament Sprain S&Sx
Pain localized at medial aspect w/late cocking & early acceleration Point tenderness at joint line Increase pain & instability w/ valgus/varus/milking sign
26
Collateral Ligament Sprain Management
Standard care | Strengthening flexor-Pronator group
27
Anterior Capsulitis MOI
Anterior joint pain cause by hyperextension, usually attributed to anterior capsulitis rather than chronic repetitive throwing
28
Anterior Capsulitis S&Sx
Diffuse anterior elbow pain after traumatic episode TOP (deep) particularly anteromedial side -R/O strain to point tenderness & entrapment of median nerve
29
Anterior Capsulitis Management
Standard care Immobilization 3-5 days Flexion contracture may result w/ repetitive injury
30
Dislocations MOI
Adolescents most common traumatic injury to elbow are subluxations/dislocations of proximal radial head often associated w/immature annular ligament
31
What is Nurse Maids elbow?
Dislocation of the radial head, accompanied by a decrease in pronation/supination w/o pain refer to ER
32
Dislocations S&Sx
- Snapping/cracking w/impact, severe pain, rapid swelling, loss of function & obvious deformity - Nerve palsie are also common
33
Dislocations Management
Stabilize in position found -R/O circulatory impairment, neuro impairment -check vitals, treat for shock refer to MD
34
Flexor/Extensor Strains MOI
Repetitive tensile stress to muscle (elbow flexion/extension)
35
Flexor/Extensor Strains S&Sx
Palpable pain over muscle mass
36
Flexor/Extensor Strains Management
Standard acute management | Proper technique
37
Rupture of Biceps Brachii MOI
97% of ruptures are proximal Pre-existing degenerative changes in tendon make it vulnerable following sudden eccentric load - men <30 w/ Hx of steroid use
38
Rupture of Biceps Brachii S&Sx
Tenderness, swelling Biceps tendon is not palpable b/c tendon retracts Able to flex/supinate but weak
39
Rupture of Biceps Brachii Management
May involve non-operative approach - studies indicate significant loss - May be sufficient for ADL but not sports Surgical repair involves attachment of tendon
40
Rupture of Triceps MOI
Direct blow to posterior aspect of elbow Uncoordinated tricep contraction during fall 80% of ruptures involve Olecranon #
41
Rupture of Triceps S&Sx
Pain, swelling over distal attachment on Olecranon process Palpable defect in triceps AROMA present, but weak/non-existent
42
Rupture of Triceps Management
``` Standard care w/immobilization Refer to MD Partial tears treated conservatively Surgical reattachment is necessary for total rupture Avulsion # requires extensive surgery ```
43
Compartment Syndrome MOI
Secondary to elbow # or dislocations, crushing injury! forearm # or excessive muscular contraction Hemorrhage/edema, increase pressure within the compartment - excessive pressure on neuro vascular structures
44
Compartment Syndrome S&Sx
Onset of symptoms is rapid - swelling, discolouration, absent/diminished pulse leading to sensory changes & paralysis - severe pain at rest, aggravated by PROM of muscles in compartment
45
Compartment Syndrome Management
- immobilization of forearm & wrist - ice & elevation - no external compression - immediate referral b/c fasciotomy may be needed to decompress the area
46
Medial Epicondylitis (Golfers Elbow) MOI
Med/late tension compression forces places on elbow during acceleration phase of throwing Medial humeral apophyseal growth plate of paediatric athlete Valgus force produce a combined w/flexor muscle strain or UCL sprain & ulnar neuritis
47
Medial Epicondylitis (Golfers Elbow) S&Sx
Swelling, ecchymosis TOP Humeroulnar jt./flexor/Pronator origin slightly distal & lateral to medial epicondyle Pain w/RROM wrist flexion & pronation & by valgus stress at 20-30* Ulnar nerve involvement 4th&5th digits
48
Medial Epicondylitis (Golfers Elbow) Management
Standard care | Prevention w/proper mechanics & throwing
49
What tendons are usually involved in Golfers Elbow?
Pronator Teres & FCU
50
Lateral Epicondylitis MOI
Pain in lateral epicondyle is most common Caused by eccentric loading of extensor muscles during deceleration of forearm extension Caused by mechanical errors (leading w/elbow) poorly fitted equip & age (30-50) years
51
Lateral Epicondylitis S&Sx
Pain anterior or just distal Pain often subside & becomes more severe w/repetition Tennis Elbow
52
How do you test for Lateral Epicondylitis?
Coffee cup test
53
Lateral Epicondylitis Management
Standard care Counter force strap/tape Find the cause treat the cause
54
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome S&Sx
Shocking sensation along medial aspect of elbow (hitting funny bone) (+) Tinel Sign Pt. may develop hand weakness FCU & 5th digit (intrinsic muscle innervation) Decrease grip&pinch strength
55
Where does the Median Nerve travel through?
Passes through Cubital fossa, between 2 heads if Pronator Teres & FDS
56
Pronator Syndrome S&Sx
Pain is felt in anterior proximal forearm & aggravated w/ pronation activities Numbness anterior forearm of middle index fingers & thumb
57
Radial Tunnel Syndrome S&Sx
Often mimic lateral epicondyle Aching lateral elbow pain that radiates down posterior forearm TOP Supinator muscle Resisted supination is more painful than wrist extension Wrist drop (ext weakness) seen in extreme cases but no sensory loss
58
Radial Tunnel Syndrome Management
Refer to MD Rx depends on Fx & NSAIDs can help in acute cases Injury 2nd to direct blows, protect from further injury Chronic nerve damage may require surgery to release pressure on nerve
59
Epiphyseal & Avulsion # MOI
Growth plate in adolescents are sensitive to tension stress, repeated or sudden contraction of flexor-Pronator muscle group result in Avulsion # of medial epicondyle " Little League Elbow " (forceful pronation)
60
Epiphyseal & Avulsion # S&Sx
Initially individual complains of aching activity but no limitations in performance & no residual pain Conditions progresses aching pain w/activity limitations & mild post-exercise pain, some TOP on epicondyle
61
Epiphyseal & Avulsion # Management
Acute care w/activity modification If performance limited due to pain & post exercise pain is present refer to MD Conservative management rest & immobilization for >2 weeks No throwing for 6-12 weeks Surgery only if valgus instability is present or neural Sx
62
Osteo-chondritis Desecans (OCD) MOI
Due to repetitive stress in skeletally immature elbow Lat compressive forces exerted during throwing motion which can damage Radial head, capitulum or both Leading cause of permanent elbow disabilities in adolescents Causes fragmentation & softening of under lying subchondral bone Leads to microfracture & eventual avascular necrosis
63
Panner Disease
Associated w/OCD Most common cause of chronic lateral elbow pain encompassing entire capitulum in athletes <10 Pain lat & ant elbow Pain increase w/deep Palpation or pron/supination Resolves w/rest Elbow ext. limited by 20*
64
Panner Disease S&Sx
Mirror little league elbow Insidious onset of dull activity related & poorly localized pain Eventually locking, decrease ROM & flex contraction are more than 15* Swelling TOP over radiocapitellar joint Decrease elbow extension
65
Panner Disease Management
Refer to MD Rest 16-18 mos. no loose fragments resume activity Fragment displacement may be warranted to reattach or excise small fragments

Conditions (2nd year) (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions