Headache Flashcards
what type(s) of headaches have bilateral localization?
tension type
what type(s) of headaches have unilateral localization?
migraine
cluster
what type of headache is a constant pain lasting 4-6 hrs?
tension-type
what type of headache lasts 4-72 hrs?
migraine
what type of headache lasts 1.5-3 hrs and is repetitive?
cluster
what type of headache is characterized by steady “band-like” pain?
tension
what type of headache is characterized by pulsating pain with nausea, photophobia, and/or phonophobia?
migraine
what type of headache is characterized by excruciating periorbital pain with autonomic symptoms?
cluster
(lacrimation, rhinorrhea, conjuctival injection)
what type of headache may present with Horner’s syndrome?
cluster
what type of headache is present with either photophobia or phonophobia?
(not both)
tension
what type of headache is the most common primary headache?
tension
what type of headache(s) are more common in females?
migraine
tension-type
what type of headache(s) are more common in males?
cluster
MOA of triptans
5-HT1 agonists
inhibit trigeminal nerve activation, prevent VIP release, induce vasoconstriction
classic triad of opioid overdose
miosis
AMS
respiratory depression
(others: seizures, constipation, nausea, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia)
mu receptor antagonist for opioid overdose
naloxone
what acid-base disorder does ethylene glycol cause?
metabolic acidosis with anion gap
calculation for anion gap
[Na+] - ([Cl-] + [HCO3-])
what kind of acid-base disorder do opioids cause?
respiratory acidosis (hypoventilation)
what is a normal anion gap?
8-12
the most commonly involved junction for berry aneurysm to occur is between the anterior communicating artery and […]
ACA
Account for approx. 80% of cases of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage
berry aneurysm
What congenital conditions predispose individuals to developing berry aneurysms?
autosomal dominant PCKD
Ehlers-Danlos
Marfans
aortic coarctation
the mass effect from an aneurysm in the […] can cause bitemporal hemianopia and visual acuity defects
ACA
(visual acuity defects from compression of CN II at the optic chiasm)
the mass effect from an aneurysm in the […] can cause mydriasis via compression of CN III
PCA
ptosis if compression is severe
(parasympathetic fibers are on the periphery, and compressed first)
mass lesions affecting CN III will effect the […] fibers first
parasympathetic
(results in dilated pupil, unable to constrict)
(classically PCA aneurysm)
what motor signs would you expect to see with a CN III palsy?
“down and out” eye
ptosis
(classically associated with uncal herniation)
a lesion in the MLF results in
intranuclear ophthalmoplegia
(classically associated with MS; MLF in MS)
Intranuclear ophthalmoplegia manifests primarily with impaired adduction of the eye […] to the lesion
ipsilateral
(INO= Ipsilateral adduction failure, Nystagmus Opposite)
Intranuclear ophthalmoplegia manifests primarily with nystagmus of the eye […] to the lesion
contralateral
(INO= Ipsilateral adduction failure, Nystagmus Opposite)
in the MLS:
when looking left, the left nucleus of CN VI fires, which contracts the […] muscle
and stimulates the contralateral nucleus of CN III to contract the […] muscle
lateral rectus
medial rectus
most common cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
high potency (typical) anti-psychotics
(haloperidol, fluphenazine, and flupentixol)
treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome
dantrolene
(inhibits ryanodine receptor)
Metoclopramide may cause […] syndrome
neuroleptic malignant
The symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome may be remembered with the mnemonic Malignant FEVER
Myoglobinuria
Fever
Encephalopathy
unstable Vitals
Enzymes (CK)
Rigidity
