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Capstone Test 1 > Headache > Flashcards

Headache Flashcards

1
Q

what type(s) of headaches have bilateral localization?

A

tension type

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2
Q

what type(s) of headaches have unilateral localization?

A

migraine
cluster

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3
Q

what type of headache is a constant pain lasting 4-6 hrs?

A

tension-type

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4
Q

what type of headache lasts 4-72 hrs?

A

migraine

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5
Q

what type of headache lasts 1.5-3 hrs and is repetitive?

A

cluster

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6
Q

what type of headache is characterized by steady “band-like” pain?

A

tension

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7
Q

what type of headache is characterized by pulsating pain with nausea, photophobia, and/or phonophobia?

A

migraine

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8
Q

what type of headache is characterized by excruciating periorbital pain with autonomic symptoms?

A

cluster

(lacrimation, rhinorrhea, conjuctival injection)

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9
Q

what type of headache may present with Horner’s syndrome?

A

cluster

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10
Q

what type of headache is present with either photophobia or phonophobia?

(not both)

A

tension

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11
Q

what type of headache is the most common primary headache?

A

tension

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12
Q

what type of headache(s) are more common in females?

A

migraine
tension-type

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13
Q

what type of headache(s) are more common in males?

A

cluster

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14
Q

MOA of triptans

A

5-HT1 agonists
inhibit trigeminal nerve activation, prevent VIP release, induce vasoconstriction

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15
Q

classic triad of opioid overdose

A

miosis
AMS
respiratory depression

(others: seizures, constipation, nausea, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia)

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16
Q

mu receptor antagonist for opioid overdose

A

naloxone

17
Q

what acid-base disorder does ethylene glycol cause?

A

metabolic acidosis with anion gap

18
Q

calculation for anion gap

A

[Na+] - ([Cl-] + [HCO3-])

19
Q

what kind of acid-base disorder do opioids cause?

A

respiratory acidosis (hypoventilation)

20
Q

what is a normal anion gap?

A

8-12

21
Q

the most commonly involved junction for berry aneurysm to occur is between the anterior communicating artery and […]

A

ACA

22
Q

Account for approx. 80% of cases of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

berry aneurysm

23
Q

What congenital conditions predispose individuals to developing berry aneurysms?

A

autosomal dominant PCKD
Ehlers-Danlos
Marfans
aortic coarctation

24
Q

the mass effect from an aneurysm in the […] can cause bitemporal hemianopia and visual acuity defects

A

ACA

(visual acuity defects from compression of CN II at the optic chiasm)

25
Q

the mass effect from an aneurysm in the […] can cause mydriasis via compression of CN III

A

PCA

ptosis if compression is severe
(parasympathetic fibers are on the periphery, and compressed first)

26
Q

mass lesions affecting CN III will effect the […] fibers first

A

parasympathetic

(results in dilated pupil, unable to constrict)

(classically PCA aneurysm)

27
Q

what motor signs would you expect to see with a CN III palsy?

A

“down and out” eye
ptosis

(classically associated with uncal herniation)

28
Q

a lesion in the MLF results in

A

intranuclear ophthalmoplegia

(classically associated with MS; MLF in MS)

29
Q

Intranuclear ophthalmoplegia manifests primarily with impaired adduction of the eye […] to the lesion

A

ipsilateral

(INO= Ipsilateral adduction failure, Nystagmus Opposite)

30
Q

Intranuclear ophthalmoplegia manifests primarily with nystagmus of the eye […] to the lesion

A

contralateral

(INO= Ipsilateral adduction failure, Nystagmus Opposite)

31
Q

in the MLS:
when looking left, the left nucleus of CN VI fires, which contracts the […] muscle
and stimulates the contralateral nucleus of CN III to contract the […] muscle

A

lateral rectus

medial rectus

32
Q

most common cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

A

high potency (typical) anti-psychotics

(haloperidol, fluphenazine, and flupentixol)

33
Q

treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

dantrolene

(inhibits ryanodine receptor)

34
Q

Metoclopramide may cause […] syndrome

A

neuroleptic malignant

35
Q

The symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome may be remembered with the mnemonic Malignant FEVER

A

Myoglobinuria
Fever
Encephalopathy
unstable Vitals
Enzymes (CK)
Rigidity

Capstone Test 1 (5 decks)

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