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Capstone Test 1 > Chest Pain > Flashcards

Chest Pain Flashcards

1
Q

treat esophageal candidiasis with

A

fluconazole

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2
Q

MOA of fluconazole

A

inhibit fungal sterol (ergosterol) synthesis via inhibition of cyp450

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3
Q

fluconazole inhibits cyp[…] in fungal sterol synthesis

A

450

(can cause liver dysfunction)

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4
Q

fluconazole can cause […] prolongation

A

QT

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5
Q

gynecomastia can be an adverse effect of […] due to testosterone synthesis inhibition

A

-azoles (esp ketoconazole)

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6
Q

MOA of zidovudine (formerly AZT)

A

inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase

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7
Q

[…] is a nucleoside analog

A

zidovudine (formerly AZT)

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8
Q

[…] can be used for both general ART and during pregnancy to decrease risk of fetal transmission

A

zidovudine (formerly AZT)

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9
Q

[…] is a common adverse effect of zidovudine (formerly AZT) that can be reversed with G-CSF

A

myelosuppresion

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10
Q

renal toxicity is a adverse effect of what ART?

A

zidovudine (formerly AZT)

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11
Q

[herpes esophagitis vs. esophageal candidiasis]

white/yellow adherent plaques

A

esophageal candidiasis

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12
Q

[herpes esophagitis vs. esophageal candidiasis]

pseudohyphae accompanied by visible spores

A

esophageal candidiasis

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13
Q

[herpes esophagitis vs. esophageal candidiasis]

superficial, punched out ulcers in the distal esophagus

A

herpes esophagitis

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14
Q

[herpes esophagitis vs. esophageal candidiasis]

multi-nucleated giant cells with cowdry bodies

A

herpes esophagitis

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15
Q

[herpes esophagitis vs. esophageal candidiasis]

A

esophageal candidiasis

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16
Q

[herpes esophagitis vs. esophageal candidiasis]

A

herpes esophagitis

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17
Q

in pericarditis, the pain improves with

A

sitting up and learning forward

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18
Q

pericarditis typically presents with sharp retrosternal chest pain on […]

A

inspiration

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19
Q

describe ECG changes in pericaditis

A

diffuse ST elevation
and/or PR depression

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20
Q

pericarditis is often complicated by

A

pericardial effusion

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21
Q

a complication of chronic kidney disease that causes fibrinous pericarditis

A

uremic pericarditis

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22
Q

viruses that cause acute pericarditis

A

coxsackie virus
echovirus
adenovirus
HIV
HSV
EBV
CMV

23
Q

treatment for uremic pericarditis is

A

dialysis

24
Q

treatment for viral pericarditis is

A

NSAIDs
colchicine
glucocorticoids

25
Q

treatment for acute DVT [2]

A

heparin
enoxaparin

26
Q

activates anti-thrombin III
decreases activity and IIa and Xa

A

heparin

27
Q

directly inhibit Xa

A

-axabans

28
Q

inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase
results in inhibition of factors II, VII, IX, and X
and protein C and S

A

warfarin

29
Q

directly inhibit thrombin (IIa) [3]

A

bivalirudin
argatroban
dabigatran

BAD

30
Q

signs/symptoms of PE

A

sudden onset dyspnea
pleuritic chest pain
tachypnea
tachycardia
hypoxemia
respiratory alkalosis

31
Q

during PE, affected alveoli are […] but not […]

A

during PE, affected alveoli are [ventilated] but not [perfused]

(VQ mismatch –> hyperventilation —> respiratory alkalosis)

32
Q

a D-dimer has high […] value

A

negative predictive

(if negative, rules out PE)

33
Q

D-dimer has high […] and low […]

A

D-dimer has high [sensitivity] and low [specificity]

34
Q

what do you expect to see on CT in PE?

A

intraluminal filling defect

(this is saddle PE)

35
Q

describe what this image is telling us

A

the ventilation image (A) shows uniform distribution of gas throughout the lungs

the perfusion image (B) shows bilateral wedge-shaped infarcts characteristic of PE

36
Q

[…] is a dimorphic fungus that appears as budding yeast cells with pseudohyphae at 20–25°C

A

candida albicans

37
Q

chronic local immunosuppression from prolonged use of inhaled steroids (e.g., fluticasone) can cause

A

oropharyngeal candidiasis.

38
Q

Dysphagia and heartburn refractory to proton pump inhibitors in an individual with a history of atopy are indicative of […] esophagitis

A

eosinophilic

39
Q

trachealization of the esophagus, longitudinal furrows, friable mucosa on endoscopy

A

eosinophilic esophagitis

40
Q

what is the difference between NRTIs and NNRTIs?

A

NRTIs require phosphorylation

NNRTIs do not

41
Q

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that significantly decreases the vertical virus transmission rate

A

zidovudine

42
Q

Antifibrinolytics such as […] and […] can reverse the effects of tPA by inhibiting the activation of plasminogen

A

aminocaproic
TXA

43
Q

protamine sulfate reverses […] overdose

A

heparin

44
Q

treatment of PE with heparin or Xa inhibitors are used for patients who are [….] stable

A

hemodynamically

(if unstable –> altepase)

45
Q

most common cardiac manifestation of SLE, occurring in ∼ 25% of patients

A

acute pericarditis

46
Q

hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds (i.e., Beck triad) with low-voltage QRS complexes

A

cardiac tamponade

(can be secondary to pericarditis)

47
Q

visceral innervation above the pectinate line comes from

A

lumbar splanchnics via inferior hypogastric plexus

48
Q

pelvic splanchnics arise from what spinal levels?

A

S2-4

49
Q

above the pelvic pain line, pain travels with [parasympathetics/sympathetics]

A

sympathetics

50
Q

[parasympathetics/sympathetics]
travel in lumbar splanchnics

A

sympathetics

51
Q

[parasympathetics/sympathetics]
travel in pelvic splanchnics

A

parasympathetics

52
Q

[…] splanchnic nerves carry visceral pain fibers from pelvic organs above the pelvic pain line

A

lumbar

53
Q

[…] splanchnic nerves carry visceral pain fibers from pelvic organs below the pelvic pain line

A

pelvic

54
Q

most common side effect of nitrates

A

headache

Capstone Test 1 (5 decks)

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