Chest Pain Flashcards by Felicia Jones

Q

treat esophageal candidiasis with

A

fluconazole

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

MOA of fluconazole

A

inhibit fungal sterol (ergosterol) synthesis via inhibition of cyp450

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

fluconazole inhibits cyp[…] in fungal sterol synthesis

A

450

(can cause liver dysfunction)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

fluconazole can cause […] prolongation

A

QT

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

gynecomastia can be an adverse effect of […] due to testosterone synthesis inhibition

A

-azoles (esp ketoconazole)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

MOA of zidovudine (formerly AZT)

A

inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

[…] is a nucleoside analog

A

zidovudine (formerly AZT)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

[…] can be used for both general ART and during pregnancy to decrease risk of fetal transmission

A

zidovudine (formerly AZT)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

[…] is a common adverse effect of zidovudine (formerly AZT) that can be reversed with G-CSF

A

myelosuppresion

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

renal toxicity is a adverse effect of what ART?

A

zidovudine (formerly AZT)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

[herpes esophagitis vs. esophageal candidiasis]

white/yellow adherent plaques

A

esophageal candidiasis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

[herpes esophagitis vs. esophageal candidiasis]

pseudohyphae accompanied by visible spores

A

esophageal candidiasis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

[herpes esophagitis vs. esophageal candidiasis]

superficial, punched out ulcers in the distal esophagus

A

herpes esophagitis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

[herpes esophagitis vs. esophageal candidiasis]

multi-nucleated giant cells with cowdry bodies

A

herpes esophagitis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

[herpes esophagitis vs. esophageal candidiasis]

A

esophageal candidiasis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

[herpes esophagitis vs. esophageal candidiasis]

A

herpes esophagitis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

in pericarditis, the pain improves with

A

sitting up and learning forward

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

pericarditis typically presents with sharp retrosternal chest pain on […]

A

inspiration

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

describe ECG changes in pericaditis

A

diffuse ST elevation
and/or PR depression

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

pericarditis is often complicated by

A

pericardial effusion

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

a complication of chronic kidney disease that causes fibrinous pericarditis

A

uremic pericarditis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

viruses that cause acute pericarditis

A

coxsackie virus
echovirus
adenovirus
HIV
HSV
EBV
CMV

Q

treatment for uremic pericarditis is

A

dialysis

Q

treatment for viral pericarditis is

A

NSAIDs
colchicine
glucocorticoids

treatment for acute DVT [2]

heparin enoxaparin

activates anti-thrombin III decreases activity and IIa and Xa

heparin

directly inhibit Xa

-axabans

inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase results in inhibition of factors II, VII, IX, and X and protein C and S

warfarin

directly inhibit thrombin (IIa) [3]

bivalirudin argatroban dabigatran BAD

signs/symptoms of PE

sudden onset dyspnea pleuritic chest pain tachypnea tachycardia hypoxemia respiratory alkalosis

during PE, affected alveoli are [...] but not [...]

during PE, affected alveoli are [ventilated] but not [perfused] (VQ mismatch --> hyperventilation ---> respiratory alkalosis)

a D-dimer has high [...] value

negative predictive (if negative, rules out PE)

D-dimer has high [...] and low [...]

D-dimer has high [sensitivity] and low [specificity]

what do you expect to see on CT in PE?

intraluminal filling defect (this is saddle PE)

describe what this image is telling us

the ventilation image (A) shows uniform distribution of gas throughout the lungs the perfusion image (B) shows bilateral wedge-shaped infarcts characteristic of PE

[...] is a dimorphic fungus that appears as budding yeast cells with pseudohyphae at 20–25°C

candida albicans

chronic local immunosuppression from prolonged use of inhaled steroids (e.g., fluticasone) can cause

oropharyngeal candidiasis.

Dysphagia and heartburn refractory to proton pump inhibitors in an individual with a history of atopy are indicative of [...] esophagitis

eosinophilic

trachealization of the esophagus, longitudinal furrows, friable mucosa on endoscopy

eosinophilic esophagitis

what is the difference between NRTIs and NNRTIs?

NRTIs require phosphorylation NNRTIs do not

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that significantly decreases the vertical virus transmission rate

zidovudine

Antifibrinolytics such as [...] and [...] can reverse the effects of tPA by inhibiting the activation of plasminogen

aminocaproic TXA

protamine sulfate reverses [...] overdose

heparin

treatment of PE with heparin or Xa inhibitors are used for patients who are [....] stable

hemodynamically (if unstable --> altepase)

most common cardiac manifestation of SLE, occurring in ∼ 25% of patients

acute pericarditis

hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds (i.e., Beck triad) with low-voltage QRS complexes

cardiac tamponade (can be secondary to pericarditis)

visceral innervation above the pectinate line comes from

lumbar splanchnics via inferior hypogastric plexus

pelvic splanchnics arise from what spinal levels?

S2-4

above the pelvic pain line, pain travels with [parasympathetics/sympathetics]

sympathetics

[parasympathetics/sympathetics] travel in lumbar splanchnics

sympathetics

[parasympathetics/sympathetics] travel in pelvic splanchnics

parasympathetics

[...] splanchnic nerves carry visceral pain fibers from pelvic organs above the pelvic pain line

lumbar

[...] splanchnic nerves carry visceral pain fibers from pelvic organs below the pelvic pain line

pelvic

most common side effect of nitrates

headache