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Medical Terminology USD > Head/Neck/Integument > Flashcards

Head/Neck/Integument Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Integument

A

The skin, hair, and nails

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2
Q

Macule

A

Circumscribed, flat spot

ex. freckle

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3
Q

Papule

A

Circumscribed, elevated solid lesion, up to 0.5 cm in diameter.

(ex. small nevus (mole))

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4
Q

Nodule

A

Circumscribed, elevated, solid lesion >0.5 cm but <1 cm in diameter

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5
Q

Tumor (related to derm.)

A

> 1 cm in diameter

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6
Q

Vesicle

A

Circumscribed, elevated, fluid filled lesion up to 0.5 cm in diameter (tiny blister)

(ex. herpes)

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7
Q

Bulla

A

Circumscribed, elevated, fluid filled lesion > 0.5 cm in diameter

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8
Q

Pustule

A

Circumscribed, elevated lesion containing pus

ex. acne pimple

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9
Q

Wheal

A

Irregular, superficial area of localized skin edema. It is elevated but flat topped.

(ex. hive)

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10
Q

Erosion

A

Loss of superficial epidermis

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11
Q

Ulcer

A

Loss of epidermis extending into dermis

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12
Q

Fissure

A

Linear crack in the skin

ex. common with chronic contact of the dermatitis of the hands

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13
Q

Crust

A

Dried residue of serum, pus or blood

ex. scab

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14
Q

Scale

A

Thin flake of exfoliated epidermis

ex. psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis of scalp (dandruff)

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15
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickened, roughened skin. Exaggerated skin creases (elephant skin)

(ex. Lichen Simplex Chronicus (Neurodermatitis)

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16
Q

Excoriation

A

Scratch mark

NOTE excoriation is a physical finding (sign), whereas pruritus (itching) is what the patient complains of (symptom

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17
Q

Alopecia

A

Hair loss. It appears in many forms.

18
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Protruding eyeballs

ex. Grave’s Disease

19
Q

Endophthalmos

A

Sunken eyeballs

ex. severe dehydration, “blow out” fracture

20
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping of the upper lid

ex. 3rd cranial nerve palsy, Horner’s Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis

21
Q

Ectropion

A

Margin of the lower eyelid is turned outward exposing the palpebral conjunctiva. Result is constant tearing.

22
Q

Entropion

A

Margin of the lower lid turns inward.

ex more commonly seen in elderly. Eyelashes irritate the conjunctiva and cornea.

23
Q

Exotropia

A

Temporal (lateral) deviation of the eye

ex. “walleyed”

24
Q

Esotropia

A

Nasal (medial) deviation of the eye

ex. “cross eyed”

25
Q

Mydriasis

A

Dilated pupil

26
Q

Miosis

A

Constricted pupil

27
Q

Aniscoria

A

Unequal pupils

28
Q

Microaneurysm

A

Tiny, round, red spots on the retina

ex. diabetes mellitus (an aspect of diabetic retinopathy)

29
Q

Hemorrhages

A

Retinal hemorrhages can be flame-shaped or red streaks

ex. hypertensive and diabetic retinopathy

30
Q

AV Nicking

A

An aspect of hypertensive retinopathy

31
Q

Exudates

A

White or grayish with irregular borders (cotton wool patches); creamy or yellowish with well defined borders (waxy exudates)

(ex. Cotton Wool - part. with hypertension)
(ex. Waxy Exudates - part. with diabetes mellitus)

32
Q

Tympanosclerosis

A

Chalk-like scarring on Tympanic Membrane

ex. recurrent otitis media; PE tubes

33
Q

Erythema

A

Means redness - any place

ex. Acute Otitis Media

34
Q

Bulging of Tympanic Membrane

A

Outward bulging (as compared to inward retraction)

ex. Acute Otitis Media

35
Q

Retraction of Tympanic Membrane

A

Inward displacement of tympanic membrane

ex. Prolonged Eustachian Tube Obstruction causing negative middle ear pressure.

36
Q

Skeletonization of Tympanic Membrane

A

Marked retraction of TM over middle ear ossicles from significant negative middle ear pressure. Ossicles look quite pronounced - clearly visible.

37
Q

Perforation of Tympanic Membrane

A

Hole in the TM

(ex. Spontaneous due to Acute Otitis Media, head trauma or trauma from placing something in ear canal; from previous PE tube placement.)

38
Q

Nasal Septal Deviation

A

Typically is S-shaped

ex. Congenital or Traumatic

39
Q

Aphthous ulcer

A

Small superficial ulceration of oral mucosa

ex. “canker” sore

40
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White patch on the epithelium of mucous membranes (oral, genital, anal)

(ex. Lichen planus; squamous cell carcinoma)

Medical Terminology USD (5 decks)

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