General Physical Diagnosis and Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Symptoms

Answer 1

What the patient complains about. (ex. sore throat)

Question 2

Signs

Answer 2

What physician finds on physical examination. (ex. erythematous (red) posterior pharynx.)

Question 3

Differential Diagnosis

Answer 3

The physician’s hypotheses of what the disease is (what the diagnostic possibilities are) based upon the patient’s symptoms and physical findings. (ex. Streptococcal Pharyngitis)

Question 4

Diagnosis

Answer 4

The physician’s determination of the nature of the patient’s disease. (ex. Streptococcal Pharyngitis)

Question 5

Circum

Answer 5

around

Question 6

Endo

Answer 6

inner, within

Question 7

Ecto/Exo

Answer 7

outer side

Question 8

Epi

Answer 8

over, surrounding

Question 9

Hypo

Answer 9

below, under

Question 10

Meso

Answer 10

middle

Question 11

Sub

Answer 11

below, under

Question 12

Supra

Answer 12

above, over

Question 13

Superior

Answer 13

upper (ie upper surface of organ)

Question 14

Inferior

Answer 14

lower (ie lower surface of organ)

Question 15

Dorsal

Answer 15

back (opposite of ventral)

Question 16

Ventral

Answer 16

front (opposite of dorsal)

Question 17

Cranial

Answer 17

head; superior aspect

Question 18

Caudal

Answer 18

tail of the body; inferior aspect

Question 19

Proximal

Answer 19

nearer to a point of reference, as in closer to the root of a limb (attachment to the trunk); opposite of distal

Question 20

Distal

Answer 20

farther from a point of reference as in farther along the limb; opposite of proximal

Question 21

Medial

Answer 21

near the midline

Question 22

Lateral

Answer 22

farther from the midline

Question 23

Cervical Vertebrae

Answer 23

7 bones

Question 24

Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 24

12 bones

Question 25

Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 25

5 bones

Question 26

Sacrum

Answer 26

5 fused bones

Question 27

Coccyx

Answer 27

4 fused bones

Question 28

Kyphosis

Answer 28

convexity of the thorax (ex. osteoporosis caused wedge-shaped deformity of the vertebrae)

Question 29

Gibbus

Answer 29

An acutely angled kyphotic deformity (ex. collapsed throacic vertebrae (osteoporosis, metastatic disease, tuberculosis of the spine))

Question 30

Lordosis

Answer 30

An abnormal increase in the concavity of the lumbar spine as viewed from the patient’s side.
Can occur due to muscle spasm

Question 31

Scoliosis

Answer 31

Lateral curvature of the spine (ex. fairly common problem in young girls most likely to worsen during growth spurts)

Question 32

List

Answer 32

A lateral tilt of the spine (ex. herniated disc; muscle spasm)

Question 33

Flexion

Answer 33

The act of bending or making an angle

Question 34

Extension

Answer 34

The act of straightening

Question 35

Foot flexion/extension

Answer 35

while standing, foot is semiflexed;
further flexion is dorsiflexion
extension of the foot is plantar flexion

Question 36

Rotation

Answer 36

Think of it as twisting

Question 37

Medial Rotation

Answer 37

rotation of the anterior surface towards the midplane of the body

Question 38

Lateral Rotation

Answer 38

rotation of the anterior surface away from the midplane of the body

Question 39

Lateral Bending/Tilt

Answer 39

Bending or tilting away from the mid-line (ex. neck and back)

Question 40

Pronation/Supination

Answer 40

Special designations for the rotation of the forearm and hand

Question 41

Pronation

Answer 41

rotation to turn the palm downward

Question 42

Supination

Answer 42

rotation to turn the palm upward

Question 43

Inversion/Eversion

Answer 43

Special designations for rotation of the foot at the tarsal joint

Question 44

Inversion

Answer 44

rotation of the foot so the plantar aspect (sole) turns inward

Question 45

Eversion

Answer 45

rotation of the foot so the plantar aspect (sole) turns outward

Question 46

Adduction

Answer 46

Movement toward the central axis of the body

Question 47

Abduction

Answer 47

Movement away from the central axis of the body

Question 48

Circumduction

Answer 48

the active or passive circular movement of a limb or the eye

Question 49

Genu Varum

Answer 49

bow legs-whether normal or abnormal depends on age

ex. normal from birth up to about 3 years of age

Question 50

Genu Valgum

Answer 50

Knock-knees: normal from about 2 years to 7 years of age

Question 51

Heberden’s Nodes

Answer 51

Bony deformities at the DIP joints secondary to osteoarthritis

Question 52

Bouchard’s Nodes

Answer 52

Bony deformities at the PIP joints secondary to osteoarthritis

Question 53

Effusion (musculoskeletal)

Answer 53

Fluid in a joint