Genitourinary/Peripheral Vascular/Neurological Flashcards
Hypospadias
A developmental anomaly in which the urethra opens below its usual placement at the tip of the penis. It may open anywhere on the undersurface (ventral aspect) of the penis or even on the perineum.
Epispadias
The urethral opening is above its usual placement and anywhere along the upper surface (dorsal aspect) of the penis.
Cryptorchidism
Undescended testicle
Hydrocele
A nontender, fluid-filled mass that occupies the space within the tunica vaginalis. The mass will transilluminate.
Varicocele
Refers to varicose veins of the spermatic cord. On examination, the mass feels like a “bag of worms” and is non-tender.
Spermatocele
A non-tender, cystic scrotal mass which contains sperm and can be palpated above the tesits. It will transilluminate.
Inguinal Hernia
A weakness in the abdominal wall in the inguinal region of the body in which the intestion bulges out or into the scrotum.
Direct Inguinal Hernia
Emerges medial to the inferior epigastric artery.
Indirect Inguinal Hernia
Passes through the inguinal canal and emerges lateral to the inferior epigastric artery.
Flexion/Version of the Uterus
Orientation of the uterus in the pelvic cavity varies.
Flexion refers to whether the uterus is bent on itself (angulated)
The uterus may be flexed (bent) on itself either anteriorly (anteflexed) or posteriorly (retroflexed). The point of reference is the superior (top) aspect of the organ. That is, the upper part is bent forward or backward.
The entire uterus may also be tipped or tilted (as opposed to flexion) either anteriorly (anteversion) or posteriorly (retroversion). The point of reference is the superior (top) aspect of the organ. That is, the upper part is tilted forward or backward.
Uterine Prolapse
Due to weakness of the supporting structures, the uterus descends to variable degrees in the vaginal canal. In its greatest severity, the entire uterus protrudes beyond the vaginal introitus.
Cystocele
There is weakness of the supporting structures of the bladder, causing a bulging of the anterior vaginal wall and the bladder.
Rectocele
There is weakness of the supporting structures of the rectum, causing a bulging of the posterior vagina and the rectal wall behind it.
Myomas (Fibrosis)
Common benign uterine tumors. They may be single or multiple. They are firm nodules, may be very large and can cause marked enlargement and irregularity of the uterus.
Ovarian Cysts and Other Tumors
There are a variety of benign ovarian cysts. Common ones include serous cystadenoma and mucus cystadenoma. They are smooth and usually somewhat compressible. Der-moids are common, benign tumors containing varying proportions of tissue from all three germ layers including hair, teeth, and bone.
Cancers can be cystic or solid. They may be nodular. Serous Cystadenocarcinomas and Mucus Cystadenocarcinoma can be huge and ascites is often associated.