head, neck, face PEDS Flashcards
microcephalic
small head
macrocephalic
enlarged head
when to palpate fontanels? when do they close?
- palpate in sitting position
- don’t palpate when crying or screaming b/c they bulge out
- firm, slightly concave
- posterior fontanel closes by 1-2
- anterior fontanel closes 9 months to 2 yrs
flattening of the head can occur because of what?
- rickets
- intellectually diability
bulging fontanels is due to what?
increase ICP
sunken in fontanels is due to what?
- dehydration
- malnutrition
delayed closure of fontanels is due to what?
- hydrocephalus
- downs syndrome
- hypothyroidism
- rickets
small fontanels can be a sign for what?
microcephaly
tonic neck reflex may indicate what?
brain damage
what causes a head tilt?
- habit spasm
- poor vision
- brain tumor
what may head lag beyond 4 months indicate
motor or mental disability
what is the allergic salute?
-crease on tip of nose
head, face, and neck history for infants and children?
- use of alcohol or drugs during pregnancy
- vaginal or c-section delivery
- baby’s growth
- head growth
- fontanels closure
- what age baby can control head
when does the head size reach 90% of its final size?
6 years
what is cephalohematoma?
- subperiosteal hemorrhage
- causes skull shape to look asymmetric
- appears several hours after birth and gradually increases in size
- will reabsorb during 1st week of life without treatment
what is an infant more at risk for with cephalohematoma?
- jaundice
- RBCs in the hematoma are broken down and reabsorbed
what is molding? when does it happen?
- overriding of the cranial bones
- happens during engagement and passage through birth canal
- head feels asymmetric and ridges more prominent
- resolves within a week
when might an infant have a flattened side of their head?
sleeping in one position
what might you see in the anterior fontanel?
arterial pulsations
what can an infant do by 2 weeks? 4 months?
- turn head side to side
- head control is achieved
what is tonic neck reflex?
- the extension of the same arm and leg, flexion of opposite arm and leg when supine and the head is turned to one side
- disappears between 3-4 months
what is craniosynostosis?
- marked symmetry of the skull
- severe seformity caused by premature closure of the sutures
- results in long, narrowing of head
what should you note about wrinkling in infants?
- symmetry while crying and smiling
- should be symmetric on both sides of face and forehead
when is the parotid gland enlargement seen best?
- when child sits and looks up
- swelling appears below angle of the jaw
