eyes PEDS Flashcards
maculla at birth? 4 months? 8 months?
- absent
- developing
- mature
history for infants and children?
- vagina birth
- genital herpes
- vision testing at school
when do you examine baby’s eyes?
first few days after birth
what percent of children are born farsighted?
- 80%
- gradually decreases after 7-8 years
visual acuity for newborn?
- shine a bright light and they should blink
- shine light in eyes and pupils should constrict
what does absent pupillary reflex after 3 weeks mean?
blindness
attending behaviors birth-2 weeks?
- refuse to open eyes to bright lights
- may fixate on object
attending behaviors 2-4 weeks?
can fixate on object
attending behaviors 1 month?
can fixate
follow toy
attending behaviors 3-4 months?
fixate, follow, reach for a toy
attending behaviors 6-10?
fixate, follow, reach for a toy in all directions
what is the allen test? what age do you use it?
- picture cards
- 2.5 years to 2 and 11 months
- possibly for 2 years olds that are cooperative
- make sure the child knows what the objects are
what age do you use snellen chart?
preschooler 3-6 year olds
what is the E chart?
capitaol E’s that point in the directions that the table legs are pointing
when do you test with the standard snellen alphabet chart?
7 years
20/20 acuity by what age?
6-7 yrs
what does confrontation test assess? when do you do this?
- peripheral fields
- older than 3
why do u need to find strabismus early?
if diagnosised after 6 yr old then prognosis is bad
what is different for child from adult for cover test?
hold their head
what are brushfields spots?
- usually means down syndrome
- can be a normal finding
- littel white speckles around the edge of iris
ocular fundus at infant? age 2-6?
- just find retina for infant
- find optic disc for 2-6
when is peripheral vision intact?
newborn
when do the eyeballs reach adult size?
8 years
at birth what is the anatomy of the infants eyes like?
- iris shows little pigment
- pupils are small
- lens are nearly spherical
- lens are soft and plastic
eye history for infants and children?
- vaginal infections in mother at time of delivery
- parent noticed any visual issues
- vision testing at school
- safety measures
what gene indicates color blindness? what percentage of people have this? who do you test and when?
- inherited recessive X-linked trait
- 8% of white males
- 4% of black males
- 0.4% of females
- test only boys
- at 4 and 8 years old
- seeing letters against color field
what is strabismus? what does it cause?
- crossed eye
- squint
- causes disconjugate
- brain surpasses data from weak eye to avoid unclear images
- visual acuity in the ‘good’ eye beings to deteriorate
what are doll eyes?
- when you hold an infant at arm’s length and slowly turn him in one direction
- baby’s eyes will look in the same direction as the body is being turned
- disappears by 2 months
what is the epicanthal fold?
- excess skinfold extending over the inner corner of the eye
- frequently in asian children
- in non asian children is disappears by age 10
what is entropion?
- inward turning of the eyelids
- common in asian children and is normal
what does large spacing between eyes, upward lateral slope, and epicanthal folds all together occur with?
down syndrome
are lacrimal glands functional at birth?
no
what may the sclera look like at birth?
- should be white and clear
- may have blue tint due to thinness
what may silver nitrate instillation cause?
tranisent chemical conjunctivitis
what color is the iris normally in light skinned newborns? dark skinned?
- blue or slate gray
- brown
when does the permanent color of the iris appear?
6-9 months
